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Annual Report of the Board of Regents
of the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
re DP Ws THEO) OF, <A incon 7
PUBLICATION 4111
Showing the Operations, Expenditures, and Condition of the
Institution for the Year Ended June 30
1952
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1953
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, December 29, 1952.
To the Congress of the United States:
In accordance with section 5593 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, I have the honor, on behalf of the Board of Regents, to submit to Congress the annual report of the operations, expendi- tures, and condition of the Smithsonian Institution for the year ended June 30,1952. Ihave the honor to be,
Respectfully, A. Werrmorg, Secretary. u
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. - Price $2.75
CONTENTS
Page
fratofeiciniay 2228s baw e i OC Seer ed Sage? apse es v
@eneralestatementese) ese ne = ae oe eee eee ee ae ee 1
Mheshistablishment =. =e 2 ee ee ee eee ae eee 4
fiiie Board of Regentsis.2 Pectet 4720 see sda ehtSs etestepeshecent 4
IN ANCES eee ae eae Sure ile ee. eee eee Sas eb SaaS ee ae 5
Appropriations. “62 222- =-22 22-2 2224-422. .------- =e se eso Sse 5
Vii STEOTS eine tem eatin a es AR ened ad EN eye SS Se ee eee ea 6
Nineteenth annual James Arthur lecture on the sun____---------------- ri
HnlotenavalistOnyaeee 2s ee SK eae 7
Policing of Smithsonian buildings--_-----~----------------------------- 7
Mary Vaux Walcott fund for publications in botany - ------------------ 8
Summary of the year’s activities of the branches of the Institution_____-- 8
ti cation sere a ee ee See oe eee Ss ee 12
Siibracy<. 7 oe hee eek he a Se Soa eee 13
Appendix 1. Report on the United States National Museum * - 22.54 ta 14
2. Report on the National Gallery of Art__..---------------- 26
3. Report on the National Collection of Fine Arts__---------- 41
4, Report,on the Preen Gallery ofArt.=22-254-—- 2--223-s2-5- 48
5. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology - - ----------- 56
6. Report on the International Exchange Service ------------- 86
7. Report on the National Zoological Park__.._-------------- 94
8. Report on the Astrophysical Observatory ----------------- 130
9., Report on the National Air Museum: 2--22--2-=-+--2--=- 136
10. Report on the Canal Zone Biological Area_____------------ 150
il (Renert onthe library =). eee a= 158
12) Reportion publications:—<-2 222-22. =- 2 162
Report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents_----------- 169 GENERAL APPENDIX
Radio astronomy, by Jans Rateliftes--2) 2. 222 2 Ss oe ee ie 179
The sun, the moon, and the tides, by Leo Otis Colbert_---------------- 185
Engineering and pure science, by W. F. G. Swann--------------------- 201
Man’s synthetic future, by Roger Adams----------------------------- 217
Phosphorus and life, by D. P. Hopkins__----------------------------- 233
The Ice Age in the North American Arctic, by Richard Foster Flint- ---- 243
mt
IV ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
The 1944 eruption of Usu, in Hokkaido, Japan, by Takeshi Minakami,
Toshio: Intikaws, Gnd. Wenno: Vag 2. 5-2 Se ee ee ee ee Snails and their relations to the soil, by Harley J. Van Cleave____------- The ecology, evolution, and distribution of the vertebrates, by Austin H.
Grasshopper Glacier of Montana and its relation to long-distance flights
of grasshoppers, by Ashley B. Gurney2-225-2._-—_-_--==-2--= "=== === Recent advances in the study and techniques of anatomy, by Paul G. Roofe
andi samuel W:. Weshers o2 25 oases al ee eee Livestock parasitology in the United States, by Benjamin Schwartz_____- Botanizing with the Okinawans, by Egbert H. Walker_-___--._---------- Bromeliad malaria, by Lyman B. Smith-....-----.--s----.S eee Pharmacology of antibiotics, by Henry Welch_..._-------------.1-+-2- An anthropologist looks at Lincoln, by T. D. Stewart___-_------------- The use of music in the treatment of the sick by American Indians, by
Frances Densmore: .--=<=.-=<=-<25--2 Seo ce eee oe eee
LIST OF PLATES
Secretary’s Report: Plates 1-2... 222.6 oe ee cee ee ee eee eee
Ice Age in North American Arctic (Flint): Plates 1-4. __-__._---------- The 1944 eruption of Usu (Minakami, et al.): Plates 1-6_________- ners Snails and their relations to the soil (Van Cleave): Plate 1__-__.__.--__- Grasshopper Glacier of Montana (Gurney): Plates 1-8_____---_-------- Livestock parasitology (Schwartz): Plate 12. 222-2222 20-21 22---222-- Botanizing with the Okinawans (Walker): Plates 1-10__-_----_------ = Bromehad malarias(Simith)ise Welates ee ee ee ee An anthropologist looks at Lincoln (Stewart): Plates 1-4__..__-_-_-__- a: Music in the treatment of the sick by American Indians (edaniere)<
Plates i=4. 6 oo Se PD. LS 1 ee
Page
261 273
283
305
327 343 359 385 399 419
439
THEZSMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
June 30, 1952
Presiding Officer ex officio—Harry S. TRUMAN, President of the United States. Chancellor.—FREp M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States. Members of the Institution: Harry S. TRUMAN, President of the United States. ALBEN W. BARKLEY, Vice President of the United States. Frep M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States. Dran C. ACHESON, Secretary of State. JoHn W. Snypkr, Secretary of the Treasury. Grorce C. MARSHALL, Secretary of Defense. JaMrs P. McGrangry, Attorney General. JESSE M. DonaLpson, Postmaster General. Oscar CHAPMAN, Secretary of the Interior. CHaRLEsS FI’. BRANNAN, Secretary of Agriculture. CHARLES SAWYER, Secretary of Commerce. Maurice Tosin, Secretary of Labor. Regents of the Institution: Frep M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor. ALBEN W. BARKLEY, Vice President of the United States. WALTER F. GEORGE, Member of the Senate. CLrinton P. ANperson, Member of the Senate. LEVERETT SALTONSTALL, Member of the Senate. CLARENCE CANNON, Member of the House of Representatives. JoHN M. Vorys, Member of the House of Representatives. E. E. Cox, Member of the House of Representatives. Harvey N. Davis, citizen of New Jersey. ARTHUR H. CoMPToN, citizen of Missouri. VANNEVAR BUSH, citizen of Washington, D. C. Rosert V. FLEMING, citizen of Washington, D. C. JEROME C. HUNSAKER, citizen of Massachusetts. Executive Committee.—Roserr V. FLEMING, chairman, VANNEVAR BUSH, CLAR- ENCE CANNON. Secretary.—ALEXANDER WETMORE. Assistant Secretaries.—JoHN WH. Grar, J. L. Keppy. Administrative assistant to the Secretary.—Mrs. LOUISE M. PEARSON. Treasurer.—J. D. Howarp. Chief, editorial division.—PavuL H. OEHSER. Librarian.—Mrs. Lena PF, CLARE. Chief, accounting division—THOMAS F, CLARK. Superintendent of buildings and labor.—L. L. OLIVER. Assistant Superintendent of buildings and labor.—CHaRLes C. SINCLAIR. Chief, personnel division.—Jack B. NEWMAN. Chief, publications division.—L, E, COMMERFORD. Chief, supply division—ANTHONY W. WILDING. Photographer.—¥k. B. KESTNER.
VI ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952 UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Director.—A. REMINGTON KELLOGG. Chief, office of correspondence and records.—HELENA M. WEISS. Lditor.—Joun S. Lea.
SCIENTIFIC STAFF
DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY: Frank M. Setzler, head curator; A. J. Andrews, J. EH. Anglim, exhibits preparators; W. W. Taylor, Jr., collaborator in anthropology.
Division of Archeology: Waldo R. Wedel, curator; Clifford Evans, Jr., asso- ciate curator; Mrs. M. C. Blaker, museum aide; J. Townsend Russell, Jr., honorary assistant curator of Old World archeology.
Division of Ethnology: H. W. Krieger, curator; J. C. Ewers, C. M. Watkins, associate curators; R. A. Elder, Jr., assistant curator.
Division of Physical Anthropology: T. Dale Stewart, curator; M. T. Newman, associate curator.
Associate in Anthropology: Neil M. Judd.
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY: Waldo L. Schmitt, head curator ; W. L. Brown, chief exhibits preparator ; C. H. Aschemeier, W. M. Perrygo, E. G. Laybourne, C. EB. East, J. D. Biggs, exhibits preparators; Mrs. Aime M. Aw], scientifie illustrator.
Division of Mammals: D. H. Johnson, H. W. Setzer, associate curators; Charles O. Handley, Jr., assistant curator; A. Brazier Howell, collaborator; Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., associate.
Division of Birds: Herbert Friedmann, curator; H. G. Deignan, associate curator, Samuel A. Arny, museum aide; Alexander Wetmore, custodian of alcoholic and skeleton collections; Arthur C. Bent, collaborator.
Division of Reptiles and Amphibians: Doris M. Cochran, associate curator.
Division of Fishes: Leonard P. Schultz, curator; E. A. Lachner, associate curator; W. T. Leapley, Robert H. Kanazawa, museum aides.
Division of Insects: Edward A. Chapin, curator; R. E. Blackwelder, W. D. Field, O. L. Cartwright, Grace E. Glance, associate curators; Sophy Parfin, junior entomologist; W. L. Jellison, collaborator.
Section of Hymenoptera: W. M. Mann, Robert A. Cushman, assistant custodians.
Section of Diptera: Charles T. Greene, assistant custodian.
Section of Coleoptera: L. L. Buchanan, specialist for Casey collection.
Division of Marine Invertebrates: F. A. Chace, Jr., curator; Frederick M. Bayer, associate curator; Mrs, L. W. Peterson, museum aide; Mrs. Harriet Richardson Searle, Max M. Ellis, J. Perey Moore, collaborators; Mrs. Mildred S. Wilson, collaborator in copepod Crustacea.
Division of Mollusks: Harald A. Rehder, curator; Joseph P. E. Morrison, R. Tucker Abbott, associate curators; W. J. Byas, museum aide; Paul Bartsch, associate.
Section of Helminthological Collections: Benjamin Schwartz, collabo- rator.
Associates in Zoology: T. S. Palmer, W. B. Marshall, A. G. Béving, C. R. Shoemaker, W. K. Fisher, Austin H. Clark.
Collaborator in Zoology: R. S. Clark.
Collaborator in Biology: D. C. Graham.
SECRETARY’S REPORT VII
DEPARTMENT oF BorAny (NATIONAL HERBARIUM) :
Jason R. Swallen, head curator.
Division of Phanerogams: A. C. Smith, curator ; BH. C. Leonard, BE. H. Walker, Lyman B. Smith, associate curators; Velva E. Rudd, assistant curator ; E. P. Killip, research associate.
Division of Ferns: C. V. Morton, curator.
Division of Grasses: Ernest R. Sohns, associate curator; Mrs. Agnes Chase, F. A. McClure, research associates.
Division of Cryptogams: C. V. Morton, acting curator; Paul S. Conger, asso- ciate curator; John A. Stevenson, custodian of C. G. Lloyd mycological collections and honorary curator of Fungi; David G. Fairchild, custodian of Lower Fungi.
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY:
W. F. Foshag, head curator; J. H. Benn, museum aide; Jessie G. Beach, junior geologist.
Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: W. F. Foshag, acting curator ; IDR Lee Henderson, G. S. Switzer, associate curators; F. B, Holden, museum technician; Frank L. Hess, custodian of rare metals and rare earths.
Division of Invertebrate Paleontology and Paleobotany: Gustav A. Cooper, curator; A. R. Loeblich, Jr., David Nicol, Arthur L. Bowsher, associate curators; W.'T. Allen, museum aide; J. Brookes Knight, research associate in paleontology.
Section of Invertebrate Paleontology: T. W. Stanton, custodian of Mesozoic collection; J. B. Reeside, Jr., custodian of Mesozoic collec- tion ; Preston Cloud, research associate.
Section of Paleobotany: Roland W. Brown, research associate.
Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: C. L. Gazin, curator; D. H. Dunkle, associate curator; F. L. Pearce, A. C. Murray, exhibits preparators.
Associates in Mineralogy: W. T. Schaller, 8. H. Perry, J. P. Marble.
Associate in Paleontology: R. S. Bassler.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIES:
Frank A. Taylor, head curator.
Division of Engineering: Frank A. Taylor, acting curator; William H. Dunn, Jr., museum aide.
Section of Civil and Mechanical Engineering; Frank A. Taylor, in charge.
Section of Marine Transportation: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.
Section of Electricity : K. M. Perry, associate curator.
Section of Physical Sciences and Measurement: Frank A. Taylor, in charge.
Section of Land Transportation: 8. H. Oliver, associate curator.
Division of Crafts and Industries: W. N. Watkins, curator; Edward C. Ken- dall, associate curator; H. A. Avery, museum aide; F. L. Lewton, research associate.
Section of Textiles: Grace L. Rogers, assistant curator.
Section of Wood Technology: W. N. Watkins, in charge.
Section of Manufactures: Edward C. Kendall, associate curator.
Section of Agricultural Industries: Edward C. Kendall, associate curator.
Division of Medicine and Public Health: [Vacancy], associate curator.
Division of Graphic Arts: J. Kainen, curator; J. Harry Phillips, Jr., museum aide.
Section of Photography: A. J. Wedderburn, Jr., associate curator.
Vir ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY: Mendel L. Peterson, acting head curator. Divisions of Military History and Naval History: M. L. Peterson, associate curator; J. R. Sirlouis, assistant curator. Division of Civil History: Margaret W. Brown, associate curator. Division of Numismatics: S. M. Mosher, associate curator. Division of Philately: Franklin R. Bruns, Jr., associate curator.
NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Trustees: Frep M. Vinson, Chief Justice of the United States, Chairman. Dean C. ACHESON, Secretary of State. JOHN W. Snyper, Secretary of the Treasury. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. SAMUEL H. Kress. FERDINAND LAMMOT BELIN. DUNCAN PHILLIPS. CHESTER DALE, PauL MELLON. President.—SAMUEL H. KREss. Vice President.—FERDINAND LAMMOT BELIN. Secretary-Treasurer.—HUNTINGTON CAIRNS. Director. —Davim E. FINLry. Administrator—Harry A. McBRIDE. General Counsel—HUNTINGTON CAIRNS. Chief Curator.—JOHN WALKER. Assistant Director.—MAacGiILL JAMES.
NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS
Director.—TuHomas M. Beaos.
Curator of ceramics.—P. V. GARDNER.
Chief, Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service——Mrs. JoHn A. Porn, Exhibits preparators.—G. J. MARTIN, ROWLAND LYON.
FREER GALLERY OF ART
Director.—A. G. WENLEY.
Assistant Director—JoHN A. POPE.
Assistant to the Director.—Burns A. STusss.
Associate in Near Eastern art.—RicHARD ETTINGHAUSEN. Associate in technical research. RUTHERFORD J. GETTENS. Assistant in research.—HAro.p P. STERN.
Research associate.—GrackE DUNHAM GUEST.
Honorary research associate.—Max LOEHR.
SECRETARY'S REPORT Ix
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
Director —MATTHEW W. STIRLING.
Associate Director.—F RANK H. H. Roserts, Jr.
Anthropologists —H. B. CoLuins, Jr., PHILIP DRUCKER. Ethnologist—JoHN P. HARRINGTON.
Collaborators.—FRANCES DENSMORE, JOHN R. Swanton, A. J. WARING, JY. Scientific illustrator.—H. G. SCHUMACHER.
INSTITUTE oF SocIAL ANTHROPOLOGY.—G. M. Foster, Jr., Director.
River BASIN SuRVEYS.—F RANK H. H. Roserts, Jr., Director.
INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE Chief.—D. G. WILLIAMS. NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK
Director.—WILLiAM M. MANN. Assistant Director.—ERNEST P. WALKER. Head Animal Keeper.—F Rank O. LOWE.
ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY
Director.—LoyaL B, ALDRICH. DIVISION OF ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH : Chief.— WILLIAM H. Hoover. Instrument makers.—ANDREW Kramer, D. G. Tavpert, J. H. HARRISON. Research associate.—CHARLES G. ABBOT. DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS: Chief —R. B. WITHROW. Plant physiologists —WILLIAM H. KLEIN, LEONARD PRICE, V. B. Evstap, Mrs. ALIcE P. WITHROW.
NATIONAL AIR MUSEUM
Advisory Board:
ALEXANDER WETMORE, Chairman.
Maz. Gen. Donatp L. Putt, U. S. Air Force.
Rear Apo. T. S. Comps, U. S. Navy.
Grover LOENING.
WILLIAM B. Stout. Head curator.—Paul IX. GARBER. Associate curator.—R. C. STROBELL. Manager, National Air Museum Facility——W. M. MALE. Museum aides.—STANLEY PotrTer, WINTHROP S. SHAW.
CANAL ZONE BIOLOGICAL AREA
Resident Manager.—JAMES ZETEK.
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Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
ALEXANDER WETMORE For the Year Ended June 30, 1952
To the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution:
Gentiemen: I have the honor to submit herewith my report show- ing the activities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and its branches during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1952.
GENERAL STATEMENT
The period covered in the present annual report has been one of steady and progressive activity along the established lines that have become the functions of the Smithsonian Institution as the years since its foundation in 1846 have multiplied. Although no additional responsibilities have been assumed beyond those entailed by the steady increase in the national collections of history, science, and art, in visitors to the public exhibitions, and in requests for infor- mation and other assistance, there has been much consideration and effort given to improvement in methods of operation and to better coordination of our affairs. Having held administrative positions concerned with the direction of the Smithsonian Institution since 1925, first as Assistant Secretary, and since 1945 as Secretary, I find it of interest to examine the current status of the Institution and its position at the present time, when I have requested release from these responsibilities in order to be free for the scientific investigations that have been a major activity throughout my life.
It should be stated clearly that whatever has been accomplished in betterment in the Institution during this period of years has been due to the combined interest and devotion of all the Institution’s per- sonnel and not to the work of any one individual alone. The staff of the Smithsonian throughout its modern history has been the dynamic part of the organization, in contrast to the material holdings of land, buildings, and collections that form its possessions. The staff, while constantly changing in individual members, in its entirety has been the firm foundation of the structure. The varied forces exerted in this staff form a steadily flowing stream of effort whose force and direction have changed from decade to decade, but whose impetus as a whole does not slacken. It is this working group that is the heart
1
v1 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
of the Smithsonian Institution at any given moment in its operations. In my quarter-century and more with the Smithsonian it has been repeatedly impressed upon me that it has been the loyalty and spirit and abilities of these workers that have helped most to achieve the In- stitution’s prime purpose—“the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men.”
The original endowment fund received under the will of James Smithson, with several later additions, is held in the United States Treasury as a permanent trust and stands as official recognition of the position held by the Smithsonian in relation to our Nation. The Institution has deep and increasing pride in its position as guardian of historical and scientific treasures that belong to all who now are citizens of our country and that, equally, belong to the generations of the future. It is our great responsibility to maintain these hold- ings safely, to investigate and make known their values for the public good, and to add to them in those ways that will enhance their worth for the increase of knowledge. This responsibility is particularly acute in times of national emergency, as during World War II or at the present time when many peacetime activities must give place in the Federal budget to matters of national defense. Smithsonian administrators would not be faithful to their trust if even during such periods they relaxed in their efforts to assure adequate support through public funds for safeguarding and preserving for future generations the treasures entrusted to them by the American people.
Growth in the responsibilities of the Smithsonian since 1925 may be better understood when it is known that the collections in its charge have more than doubled during that time, while their value has increased in even greater degree because they include so many thousands of unique objects. It is not practicable to place a definite monetary value on all these things, since for most there is no true market in the sense of ordinary barter and sale. For many, partic- ularly in the historical field, no real price in dollars may be set, as their actual worth—for example, the relics of Washington, Jeffer- son, and other national heroes—lies in the patriotic sentiment in which they are held. It is sufficient to say that the more than 33,000,000 catalog entries now found in these collections may be valued at upward of a billion dollars, but with the further explanation that no sum of money, regardless of how great it might be, could ever replace these materials should damage come to them.
Many shifts and changes in our administrative alignment have been made for improvement in procedures, for more efficient assignment of staff, and for better utilization of the space available to us for housing. The result has been an increased efficiency without which we would not be able to meet the demands now laid upon us. The scope of all
SECRETARY’S REPORT 3
Smithsonian bureaus and their constituent units is now described in a detailed account of the work of the Institution, prepared in January 1951, which includes a survey of the duties and responsibilities that pertain to each.
Present needs of the Smithsonian remain those that have been of perennial pressure, namely, additional personnel, increased space for housing, and further support for operation. All require funds if they are to be adequately met. Through increased pay, necessary and greatly deserved under present-day living costs, and through changes in work hours, the annual payroll of the Institution has more than doubled in the past 20 years. At the same time the available man hours of service per week now actually are less. In 1942 we had 20,592 man hours available. For the same service now in 1952 (with greatly increased work load) we may command only 20,200 man hours. This situation is one that needs remedy without delay, or the Institu- tion will lag decidedly in its required duties and in its services to our people.
As for space, through careful planning we are now utilizing fully all that is available to us. Additional buildings for the United States National Museum and the National Air Museum, for the collections in art, and for our research operations in natural history and other fields are essential whenever funds may be provided. For a number of years it has become increasingly important that a research center of consid- erable size be built in the area outside of but reasonably near Metro- politan Washington, to which the study collections of the National Museum might be removed and where laboratory space would be avail- able for our scientists. ‘The present buildings in the Mall area would then be accessible to the public to be used wholly for exhibition. The research area should be arranged to provide storage for the most im- portant objects in the exhibition series, should threat of war demand their removal to safety. It will be a great day in the history of the Smithsonian and in the history of American science when plans for these buildings materialize. They have been the dream of many who believe that the Smithsonian Institution is one of the great American traditions that not only must be preserved but must be accorded the physical facilities to meet its obligations of leadership in this modern age of science.
Through the income of its endowments the Smithsonian has a per- manence in parts of its operation that it may maintain in no other way. Its activities under most of its endowment funds are now far too modest, since only in a few instances of special funds does it have the income that it requires. We should look forward also to sub- stantial growth here, to provide larger funds for research and publi- cation and for the general maintenance of central administration.
4 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
What lies ahead in the next century for the Smithsonian Institution no one can safely predict. It was my privilege in 1946 to help cele- brate the one-hundredth anniversary of the Institution’s founding, and at that time I wrote: “The Smithsonian had a definite beginning but has no foreseeable end. Its stated purpose knows no time or space limits, and it will go on through the centuries, changing with a changing world and so adjusting itself that it may fill a useful role in the upward struggle of mankind.” It has been one of the greatest satisfactions of my life to have served an organization with such a prospect and with such potentialities.
THE ESTABLISHMENT
The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 1846, in accordance with the terms of the wil! of James Smithson, of Eng- land, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States of America “to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of know]- edge among men.” In receiving the property and accepting the trust, Congress determined that the Federal Government was without au- thority to administer the trust directly, and, therefore, constituted an “establishment” whose statutory members are “the President, the Vice President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the executive depart- ments.”
THE BOARD OF REGENTS
No changes in personnel occurred on the Board of Regents in the past year. The vacancy in the class of citizen regents still exists. The roll of regents at the close of the fiscal year, June 30, 1952, was as fol- lows: Chief Justice of the United States, Fred M. Vinson, Chancellor ; Vice President Alben W. Barkley; members from the Senate: Walter F. George, Clinton P. Anderson, Leverett Saltonstall; members from the House of Representatives: Clarence Cannon, John M. Vorys, FE. E. Cox; citizen members: Harvey N. Davis, Arthur H. Compton, Van- nevar Bush, Robert V. Fleming, and Jerome C. Hunsaker.
On the evening of January 17, preceding the annual meeting, an informal dinner meeting of the Board was held in the main hall of the Smithsonian Institution, with the Chancellor, Chief Justice Vin- son, presiding. This occasion gave opportunity for members of the Smithsonian staff to make a fuller presentation of the scientific work of the Institution than was practicable at the regular meeting the next day.
The Board held its regular annual meeting in the Regents’ Room on January 18, 1952. The Secretary presented his annual report cov- ering the activities of the Institution and its bureaus, including the
SECRETARY’S REPORT 5
financial report of the Executive Committee, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1951, and this was accepted by the Board. The usual reso- lution authorized the expenditure by the Secretary of the income of the Institution for the fiscal year ending June 380, 1953.
At the Chancellor’s suggestion, the meeting of January 18 was re- cessed until April 9, at which time the report of the special committee to select a successor to the Secretary was given before the full Board. Robert V. Fleming, chairman of the special committee, presented the resolution electing Dr. Leonard Carmichael, president of Tufts Col- lege, Medford, Mass., as Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, effective on January 1, 1953.
Dr. Wetmore, who retires from administrative duties at his own request, will continue his scientific work with the Institution, under the title of research associate.
FINANCES
A statement on finances, dealing particularly with Smithsonian private funds, will be found in the report of the executive committee of the Board of Regents, page 169.
APPROPRIATIONS
Funds appropriated to the Institution for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1952, total $2,553,200, obligated as follows:
Mama veINen be t=. 2 een et ee ee See $63, 051 United States National Museum —---.------_-______ 780, 260 Bureaniof AmericanvyHthnologye ss =. =) ee ee 62, 890 AStrophysicalaObsenvatoOnye == aes eee eee 116, 223 Nationals Collection ob MineyATtS= =e See ee 47, 265 National Airs Museums] a. . We seks or er ea 177, 147 Candle Zones biological Atego ee ee eee 16, 647 International Exchange Service--.-._=-..-.-_--~.---_- 74, 678 Maintenance and operation of buildings___._._._._____.____ 893, 851 Generali senvicesat ts tee, Pe tL epee eS 1 ee 319, 084 Estimated savings <2. tbe S1 a ee a Ae oe Se 2,104
ch OY 3 1 bela ae el NSE) eared barre ee net a epee 2, 558, 200
In addition, $1,240,000 was appropriated to the National Gallery of Art, a bureau of the Institution but administered by a separate board of trustees; and $620,800 was provided in the District of Columbia ap- propriation act for the operation of the National Zoological Park.
Besides these direct appropriations, the Institution received funds by transfer from other Federal agencies, as follows:
From the Department of State, from the appropriation Interna- tional Information and Educational Activities, 1952, a total of $42,000 for the period July 1 through December 81, 1951, for the planning and
6 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
preparation of a series of educational exhibits in German schools and museums, and from the Institute of Inter-American Affairs a total of $45,705 for the period January 1 through June 30, 1952, for the opera- tion of the Institute of Social Anthropology, including the issuance of publications resulting from its work.
From the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, $157,803 for archeological projects in connection with the River Basin
Surveys. VISITORS
Visitors to the Smithsonian group of buildings during the year 1951-52 reached an all-time high total of 3,425,987, more than half a million more than the previous year. April 1952 was the month of largest attendance, with 490,983; May 1952 was the next largest, with 461,750. Largest attendance for 1 day was 50,329 on May 31, 1952. A summary of attendance records for the five buildings is given in table 1. These figures do not include 3,294,569 estimated at the Na- tional Zoological Park and 1,522,596 at the National Gallery of Art.
TABLE 1.—Visitors to the Smithsonian buildings during the year ended June 80, 1952
Smith- Arts and Natural Aircraft Freer Year and month sonian Industries | History Buildin Gallery Total Building | Building | Building 8 Art
—qmj{— |—————@oq—_— |e _j |
1951 Tuly.. ite aN eee 83, 251 198, 583 87, 618 30, 346 9, 861 409, 659 cricast PRA DAS ie 84, 690 214, 620 92, 867 31, 918 10, 714 434, 809 Septem berw-sussete2 oe Aes 58, 235 125, 845 73, 173 22, 563 7,052 281, 868 October. semen ee 43, 510 104, 923 69, 341 15, 570 5,870 229, 214 Woveniber-?2) J. ee 34, 001 72, 822 49, 022 12, 668 3, 872 172, 385 Diacemiberes cist eh ek we 20,771 39, 956 29, 819 8, 581 2, 507 101, 634 1952 Tanya 24, 667 60, 337 40, 026 10, 518 2,972 138, 520 Bebrusry. 2. oe 32, 087 73, 516 48, 885 13, 230 3, 781 171, 499 March. faag ON os 34, 723 75,917 57, 113 15, 437 3, 992 187, 182 7.) | ce ee 92, 611 245, 755 111, 754 31, 167 9, 696 490, 983 Maye. Sot et oa eee 92, 430 212, 643 118, 030 31, 559 7,088 461, 750 bri Me NPE Ae aR ate 65, 302 162, 993 86, 815 23, 839 7, 535 346, 484 Dottin S82, gs eo 661,278 | 1,587,910 854, 463 247, 396 74,940 | 3, 425, 987
During the last 4 months of the fiscal year a special record was kept of groups of school children visiting the Smithsonian. The count showed that 159,784 school children came in 4,289 groups, or at an average of 37 to each group. By months the figures are: March, 420 groups, 12,066 children; April, 1,022 groups, 38,286 children; May, 2,207 groups, 85,881 children; June, 640 groups, 23,551 children. For the 4-month period, therefore, 10.7 percent of all visitors were in this category.
SECRETARY'S REPORT 7 NINETEENTH ANNUAL JAMES ARTHUR LECTURE ON THE SUN
In 1931 the Institution received a bequest from James Arthur, of New York, a part of the income from which was to be used for an annual lecture on some aspect of the study of the sun. The nine- teenth Arthur lecture was delivered in the auditorium of the Natural History Building on April 3, 1952, by Rear Adm. L. O. Colbert, director of the Washington office of the Arctic Institute of North America, formerly Director of the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. The subject of Admiral Colbert’s address was “The Sun, the Moon, and the Tides.” This lecture will be published in full in the General Appendix of the Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smith- sonian Institution for 1952.
HALL OF NAVAL HISTORY
Special ceremonies were held on the evening of June 19, 1952, in connection with the opening of the hall of naval history in the Arts and Industries Building. In this new exhibit, designed and assem- bled under the direction of Mendel L. Peterson, National Museum curator of military and naval history, the story of American naval development, from the privateer of the War of Independence to the present-day battleship, is told by means of ship and other models, paintings, prints, and original objects relating to celebrated naval craft and leaders. Through the years collections of such material have come to the Smithsonian. Now, for the first time, they are exhibited as an organized whole. Outstanding ship models in the collection, illustrating the advances from one war to another, are the Bon Homme Richard, Constitution, Kearsage, the Olympia of Ad- miral Dewey, the cruiser Wéchita, and the battleship Missouz7.
Speakers at the opening ceremonies included Rear Adm. John B. Heffernan, United States Navy; Dr. Remington Kellogg, Director of the United States National Museum; and Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Secretary of the Smithsonian Instiution.
POLICING OF SMITHSONIAN BUILDINGS
On October 24, 1951, the President approved a bill passed by the Eighty-second Congress (Public Law 206) “relating to the policing of the buildings and grounds of the Smithsonian Institution and its constituent bureaus.” Among other provisions, this act authorizes the Secretary of the Institution to designate Smithsonian employees as special policemen with power to enforce regulations and make arrests in connection with the policing of our buildings and grounds. This authorization places us in a firm position relative to the protec- tion of the many thousands of visitors who come to the Institution
236639—53——2
8 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
annually and serves to safeguard the tremendously valuable materials in our collections that by law are our responsibility.
MARY VAUX WALCOTT FUND FOR PUBLICATIONS IN BOTANY
Acting upon a proposal by the Secretary, the executive committee of the Board of Regents during the year authorized the establishment of the Mary Vaux Walcott Fund for Publications in Botany. This fund, amounting to $60,000, is derived from the sales of “North Amer- ican Wild Flowers,” the 5-volume quarto portfolio of 400 water-color plates of wild flowers painted from nature by Mrs. Charles D. Walcott. The plates were reproduced in color by a special process and were pub- lished under her supervision and generous subsidy. A large number of sets of the plates have been sold by the Institution in the 27 years since their publication, and it seems especially fitting that the income from the proceeds of their sale should now be used for publication by the Smithsonian of contributions to the science of botany, in which Mrs. Walcott had a deep interest. It is planned that the publications issued under this fund will be principally technical in nature and will relate to the researches of the United States National Herbarium. They will appear from time to time in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.
SUMMARY OF THE YEAR’S ACTIVITIES OF THE BRANCHES OF THE INSTITUTION
National Museum.—More than 607,000 specimens, twice as many as last year, were received and distributed among the Museum’s six de- partments, bringing the total catalog entries to 33,184,494. Some of the year’s more noteworthy accessions included: In anthropology, an eighteenth-century wampum belt of the Wyandot Indians, a collection of Javanese puppets, and 78 Indian skeletons from burial sites on Buggs Island in the Roanoke River, Va.; in zoology, important mam- mals from Borneo, Alaska, and the United States, birds from Colom- bia and Panama, reptiles and amphibians from Egypt and Borneo, and large collections of fishes, insects, marine invertebrates, and mol- lusks from many parts of the world; in botany, gifts of plants espe- cially from Honduras, Colombia, Pert, Ryukyu Islands, Florida, and Canada, and many others received in exchanges with other institu- tions; in geology, five minerals heretofore unrepresented in the min- eralogical collections, a collection of 250,000 fresh-water Mesozoic and Cenozoic mollusks, and vertebrate fossils from Washington, Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, and North Dakota; in engineering and in- dustries, a fanning mill used in West Virginia about 75 years ago, a corn planter of about 1860, an 1878 oil engine, a collection of early radio apparatus, and a series of stones and prints illustrating the mak-
SECRETARY'S REPORT 9
ing of a lithograph; and in history, a walnut chest of drawers once owned by Jonathan Edwards, an unusual group of ship models for the new hall of naval history, and the saddles and equine equipment and the library of Gen. John J. Pershing.
Members of the staff conducted field work in Honduras, Dominican Republic, Panama, Colombia, British North Borneo, Brazil, Ryukyu Islands, México, Alaska, and many sections of the United States. The Museum issued 27 publications during the year.
National Gallery of Art.—Visitors to the Gallery during the year numbered 1,522,596, a slight increase over the previous year. The Gallery received 1,891 accessions, by gift, loan, or deposit. Works of art accepted included paintings by Winslow Homer, J. J. and J. W. Audubon, Thomas Stephens, Tintoretto, Corot, Healy, Turner, Trum- bull, Hogarth, Sargent, and Alvan Clark; 15 bronzes by Daumier; and several groups of prints and drawings. Ten special exhibits were held at the Gallery during the year. Traveling exhibitions of prints from the Rosenwald Collection were circulated to 19 galleries and museums in this country, and one exhibit traveled in Germany. Exhibitions from the “Index of American Design” were shown 78 times in 20 States and the District of Columbia and also in Europe. More than 36,000 persons attended the Gallery’s special tours and the “Picture of the Week” talks; more than 14,000 the Sunday afternoon lectures. The Sunday evening concerts were continued. Construction of five new galleries, begun in 1950, was completed.
National Collection of Fine Arts—The Smithsonian Art Commis- sion met on December 4, 1951, and accepted for the National Collection 2 oil paintings, 2 sculptures, 5 pieces of ceramics, several items of glassware, and 1 water-color miniature on ivory. Eight miniatures were acquired through the Catherine Walden Myer fund. Fifty-four oil paintings by Edwin Scott were added to the Alice Pike Barney Memorial Collection, and $5,000 was added to the Barney fund. The Gallery held 10 special exhibits during the year. Under the direction of Mrs. John A. Pope, a Smithsonian traveling exhibition service was inaugurated, financed partly through the Barney fund and partly from a grant made by the Department of State.
Freer Gallery of Art.—Purchases for the Freer collections included Chinese bronzes, paintings, and pottery; an Egyptian bronze incense burner; Persian metalwork; an Indian painting with Persian verse; and a seventh-century Japanese bronze sculpture. The staff members studied new accessions, examined objects contemplated for purchase, and pursued their researches in oriental and Islamic art. A technical research laboratory, with Rutherford J. Gettens in charge, was com- pleted and began a new phase of Gallery activity—the investigation ’ of material and techniques of the artists and craftsmen represented
10 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
in the Freer collections. Dr. Ettinghausen continued his work abroad, particularly in the Near East. The final number of Ars Jslamica, under Dr. Ettinghausen’s editorship, was published in August 1951. Visitors to the Gallery numbered approximately 75,000.
Bureau of American Ethnology—Members of the Bureau staff continued their ethnological and archeological researches, Director Stirling on Mexican and Panamanian archeology, Dr. Collins on the Eskimo and on the archeology of Cornwallis Island, Dr. Harrington on the Maya language, Dr. Fenton on the Iroquois, and Dr. Drucker on Meso-American archeology. Dr. Roberts continued as Director of the River Basin Surveys. Since the beginning of this project 7 years ago, 3,105 archeological sites have been located and recorded, and 578 of these have been recommended for excavation or limited testing. This year’s excavation work covered 18 reservoir areas in 11 States, with 22 excavating parties in the field.
The Institute of Social Anthropology, an autonomouse unit of the Bureau financed through transfer of funds from the Department of State, carried on its field programs in Brazil, Colombia, México, and Pert. During the year activities of the Institute were integrated with those of the Institute of Inter-American Affairs, whereby ISA an- thropologists participated in IIAA public-health programs in Latin America.
International Exchange Service—The International Exchange Service is the official United States agency for the interchange of governmental, scientific, and literary publications between this coun- try and other nations of the world. During the past year the Ex- change Service handled 1,001,614 packages of such publications, weighing 825,627 pounds—9,386 packages less than last year but 36,854 pounds more. Consignments are now made to all countries except China and Rumania. The number of sets of United States official publications sent abroad in exchange for similar publications of other countries is 104 (62 full and 42 partial sets). Eighty-seven copies of the Federal Register and 94 of the Congressional Record are also sent abroad through the Exchange Service.
National Zoological Park.—Visitors to the Zoo totaled approxi- mately 3,300,000 for the year. At the close of the fiscal year there were 2,675 animals in the Zoo collections, the removals during the year (1,721) somewhat exceeding the additions (1,575). Fourteen species of animals were received that had not previously been ex- hibited in the National Zoological Park. Among these were an Aus- tralian copperhead, an albino great gray kangaroo, a Bornean porcu- pine, and a pair of MacQueen’s bustards. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the United States Army Medical Unit in
SECRETARY’S REPORT 11
Malaya continued to send desirable specimens. In all, 142 creatures were born or hatched at the Zoo—72 mammals, 55 birds, and 15 reptiles.
Astrophysical Observatory—tThe research work of the APO pro- gressed in both of its divisions—astrophysical research and radiation and organisms. In addition to their regular programs, both divisions are conducting cooperative projects under contract with other Gov- ernment agencies. Solar-radiation studies continued at the Observa- tory’s two field stations, one at Table Mountain, Calif., and the other at Montezuma, Chile. Five silver-disk pyrheliometers were con- structed and furnished at cost to institutions in France, Finland, Cen- tral Africa, Greece, and Rhode Island. The division of radiation and organisms continued its investigations of the biochemical reactions involved in the absorption of light energy in green plants.
National Air Musewum.—Owing to the necessity of vacating all the NAM’s storage facility at Park Ridge, Ill., space had to be found elsewhere in order to preserve the storage collection. Through the assistance of the National Capital Planning Commission, a plot was made available at Suitland, Md., near Washington, D. C. Several prefabricated buildings will be erected there to house the nearly 4,000 specimens in the storage collection until the permanent National Air Museum Building is provided. Accessions for the year brought additions to many phases of the aeronautical collection, including full-sized aircraft, engines, instruments, experimental and _ scale- model aircraft, parachutes, and trophies. In all, 110 specimens from 21 sources, comprising 30 separate accessions, were received during the year. These are listed in the full report of the Museum (Appen- dix 9,p.136). Members of the staff made special surveys for materials desirable for the collections. As space and facilities permitted, im- provements were made in the public exhibits in the Arts and Indus- tries and Aircraft Buildings.
Canal Zone Biological Area.—The new laboratory building begun last year at the Barro Colorado Island station was completed. Dur- ing the year, 602 visitors came to the island; 48 of these were scientists who used the facilities of the island to carry on studies in various bio- logical fields. One such study, carried on over a period of years, by Dr. Eugene Eisenmann, resulted during the year in the publication “Annotated List of Birds of Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone,” issued by the Smithsonian Institution. This lists 306 species. Other than birds, seven species of vertebrate animals have been added to the known fauna of the area since the list was published in the 1950 report—two mammals, four reptiles, and one amphibian—making in all 486 vertebrate forms known from the island.
12 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952 PUBLICATIONS
The publications of the Smithsonian Institution are in two cate- gories—those issued from federally appropriated funds (particularly the publications of the National Museum and the Bureau of American Ethnology, and the Smithsonian Report) and those issued under in- come from the Institution’s various endowment funds (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, publications of the Freer Gallery of Art, and special publications). Eight regular series are issued, plus six others that appear less frequently. Publications are distributed free to more than a thousand libraries, both in this country and abroad, as well as to a large list of educational and scientific organizations and specialists in various fields. The Smithsonian publications program is a major part in the Institution’s endeavor to fulfill the diffusion-of- knowledge function prescribed by its founder. In all, 144,166 copies of Smithsonian publications were distributed during the year.
Seventy-six publications appeared under the Smithsonian imprint during the year. Outstanding among these were: “Biological Investi- gations in Mexico,” by Edward A. Goldman; “Middle Cambrian Stratigraphy and Faunas of the Canadian Rocky Mountains,” by Franco Rasetti; “The Butterflies of Virginia,” by Austin H. and Leila F. Clark; “The Mysidacea of the United States National Museum,” by Walter M .Tattersall; and “Symposium on Local Diversity in Iroquois Culture,” edited by William N. Fenton. A complete list of the year’s publications will be found in the report of the chief of the editorial division, Appendix 12.
Smithsonian tables—There were also issued two numbers in the Institution’s series of tables—the sixth revised edition of the Smith- sonian Meteorological Tables, compiled by Robert J. List, of the United States Weather Bureau; and Smithsonian Logarithmic Tables, pre- pared by G. W. Spenceley, Rheba M. Spenceley, and E. R. Epperson, of Miami (Ohio) University, presenting 23-decimal-place values of common and natural logarithms. In addition, the ninth revised edi- tion of the Smithsonian Physical Tables, compiled by W. E. Forsythe, of Cleveland, was partly in galley proof at the end of the year.
First Ladies’ Gowns.—A\so in press at the close of the fiscal year was a book on “The Dresses of the First Ladies of the White House,” by Margaret W. Brown, National Museum historian. The book (8 x 10 inches in size) describes this popular collection of costumes as they are displayed in the Arts and Industries Building. Each of the 35 gowns of the First Ladies, from Martha Washington to Eleanor Roosevelt, is reproduced in full color from color photographs. There are also brief biographies and portraits of the First Ladies. Because of the high cost of producing the volume, it will not be sent free to the
SECRETARY'S REPORT 13
Institution’s regular mailing lists but will be on sale in Smithsonian buildings in Washington and may also be purchased by mail.
LIBRARY
A major organizational change in the Smithsonian library was effected during the year when the largest of its branches, the National Museum library, was physically merged with the general library for- merly located in the Smithsonian Building, and all major library functions were consolidated. The consolidated library and offices are housed in the Natural History Building. The library received 60,512 publications during the year, mostly by gifts and through exchanges with other institutions and organizations. Noteworthy among the gifts were more than a thousand volumes from the library of the late Gen. John J. Pershing and more than 1,500 publications on stamps from Franklin R. Bruns, Jr., National Museum curator of philately. Nearly 23,000 publications were transferred to the Library of Con- gress, about 8,000 to the Army Medical Library, and 425 to other Government libraries. From the library’s huge collection of dupli- cates, 11,420 pieces were sent to the United States Book Exchange. At the close of the year the library’s holdings totaled 938,740 volumes, including 584,218 in the Smithsonian deposit at the Library of Con- gress but exclusive of incomplete volumes of serials and separates and reprints from serials.
APPENDIX 1
Report on the United States National Museum
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the condi- tion and operations of the United States National Museum for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1952:
BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT
Construction was completed on the conversion of the southwest court in the Arts and Industries Building to a modern storage facility, providing 8,000 square feet of space on the ground, mezzanine, second, and third floors. Outside contracts amounting to $13,582 were let for the construction of wooden frames for storage cases and drawers. The frames of the storage cases will be covered with sheets of thin steel by the Institution’s own mechanics.
COLLECTIONS
During the year 607,354 specimens (approximately twice as many as last year) were added to the national collections and distributed among the six departments as follows: Anthropology, 4,852; zoology, 251,290; botany, 62,476; geology, 279,968; engineering and industries, 1,638; and history, 7,180. Most of the accessions were acquired as gifts from individuals or as transfers from Government departments and agencies. The complete report on the Museum, published as a separate document, includes a detailed list of the year’s acquisitions, of which the more important are summarized below. Catalog entries in all departments now total 83,184,494.
Anthropology—A well-documented symbolic wampum belt, which had served as a token of peace and friendship after the eighteenth- century wars between the Seneca and Wyandot (Huron) Indians, was presented by Howard W. Elkinton. An outstanding addition to the archeological collection is the gift by Robert C. Cook of a carved and painted wooden cup, which was referred to as a kero (wooden beer cup) by the Inca Indians.
By a bequest from the late Mrs. Emily V. Taylor, the Museum re- ceived a Philadelphia high chest or highboy of unusual design and workmanship of the period 1760-70. A recent noteworthy gift from Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Pierson, Jr., consists of a complete
14
SECRETARY’S REPORT 15
miniature theater set of 180 appurtenances of the Javanese puppet show, wayang, which they obtained from a puppet master in the Sundanese village of Tjiawi, West Java. Mrs. Hoffman Philip gave a collection of religious objects, weapons, jewelry of silver filigree, and accessories of dress, obtained in Abyssinia by her husband, the late Hoffman Philip, while in the diplomatic service. John Smithson and John Smithson, Jr., presented a George II silver tankard, a George III basting spoon, a traveler’s silver wine cup, and two English silver luster teapots.
By transfer from River Basin Surveys, the division of physical anthropology received 78 Indian skeletons selected from 106 burials on Buggs Island in the Roanoke River, near Clarksville, Va. This burial area will be inundated when the dam for the reservoir is com- pleted.
Zoology.—Received during the year were more than 251,000 zool- ogical specimens, obtained in Alaska, Algeria, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Arabia, Assam, Australia, Belgian Congo, Bolivia, Borneo, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Egypt, French West Africa, Gilbert Islands, Japan, Manchuria, Martinique, México, Mozambique, North- ern Rhodesia, Panam4, Philippines, Southern Rhodesia, Turkey, United States, and Venezuela.
The fishery investigations of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service vessel Oregon in the Gulf of Mexico, under the leadership of Stewart Springer, resulted in the transfer to the Museum of im- portant and diverse collections of fishes, crustaceans, and other marine invertebrates from the deeper waters of the gulf.
An important accession of 579 mammals, including many forms previously not represented in the collection, from Mount Kinabalu, northern Borneo, was received by transfer from the Army Medical Service Graduate School. With the aid of funds furnished by the Office of Naval Research, Dr. Henry W. Setzer of the Museum staff obtained 141 mammals along the Arctic slope of Alaska. Charles O. Handley, Jr., presented nearly 600 mammals, chiefly from the eastern United States. Several shipments of mammals, totaling 133 speci- mens, were received from Dr. W. L. Jellison, of the Rocky Mountain Laboratory, United States Public Health Service. A collection of 183 mammals from Labrador was purchased from Dana P. Snyder under the income from the Spencer Fullerton Baird fund. The Biological Surveys collection was increased by 685 specimens, includ- ing a series of Alaskan sea otters, of which a family group will be used in the preparation of a habitat group for display in the Natural History Building.
Ornithological field work in northern Colombia by M. A. Carriker, Jr., financed for several years by the income from the W. L. Abbott
16 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
fund, came to a close during the past year. The Abbott fund also financed in part the continuance of the Panamanian ornithological survey by Dr. A. Wetmore and his assistant, W. M. Perrygo. The Colombian collection comprised 1,078 bird skins, 9 skeletons, and 8 eggs; the Panamanian, 675 skins, 9 skeletons, 5 alcoholics, 9 eggs, and 1 nest. Worthy of mention this year are the 379 bird skins from Mozambique received from Donald W. Lamm, the gift of 675 skins of birds from Colombia by Father Antonio Olivares, and the presenta- tion by the Musée du Congo Belge, Tervueren, of 2 specimens of the Congo peacock, Afropavo congensis. The KE. J. Brown bequest pro- vided funds for the purchase of 60 bird skins from the Algerian Sahara. From the Arctic Health Research Center the Museum re- ceived by transfer 302 skins of birds from northern Alaska which had been collected by Dr. Laurence Irving and his assistants.
A large collection, comprising 1,165 reptiles and amphibians col- lected by Dr. R. E. Kuntz in Egypt and adjoining countries, was received from the Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, and 75 reptiles and amphibians from Mount Kinabalu, northern Borneo, were trans- ferred to the Museum from the Army Medical Service Graduate School. Types and paratypes of new forms of salamander, toad, and snake were received, respectively, from M. B. Mittleman, Ottys San- ders, and W. Auffenberg.
The generous gift of 16,417 fishes from eastern United States by Dr. E. A. Lachner, associate curator, represents the largest single accession received by the division of fishes during the year. Dr. Lachner, with the assistance of William T. Leapley, also obtained more than 15,000 fishes, as well as crustaceans, insects, amphibians, and reptiles, in the southeastern States. As exchanges there were ob- tained from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, through William C. Schroeder, 104 holotypes, cotypes, and paratypes of fishes; from Dr. George Moore, Oklahoma A. & M. College, 5,115 named fresh- water fishes from the Arkansas and Red Rivers; from Dr. J. J. Hoedeman, Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam, 11 paratypes of 38 West Indian species; from Dr. N. B. Marshall, British Museum of Natural History, 5 paratypes; and from Drs. J. Béhlke and John C. Briggs, of Stanford University, 7 paratypes of new species of fishes being de- scribed by them. Dr. Clark Hubbs, University of Texas, sent a gift of 88 fishes, and Cecil Miles, Ministeria de Agricultura, Bogota, Colombia, donated the holotype of a new pomadasid fish from the Colombian Caribbean. Through Stewart Springer, Harvey R. Bullis, Jr., Isaac Ginsburg, and Dayton Lee Alverson, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service transferred 1,154 fishes this fiscal year. Dr. H. B. Goodrich, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., returned
SECRETARY'S REPORT L7
about 1,400 fish specimens in their original jars which were sent to Wesleyan University in the early 1880’s by Dr. G. Brown Goode.
The division of insects received as its most important accession the collection of O. L. Cartwright of approximately 6,000 miscellaneous insects, a large portion of which was made on the grounds of the Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Costa Rica. An- other noteworthy accession comprised about 4,300 Neotropical bugs which were donated by Dr. Luis F. Martorell, of the agricultural experiment station, University of Puerto Rico, and Dr. John S. Cald- well, of Centerville, Ohio. By transfer from the Department of Agri- culture the division acquired nearly 2,000 insects from Alaska, collected by Dr. R. I. Sailer.
As gifts, the division of marine invertebrates received more than 10,979 specimens of barnacles and other marine invertebrates, as well as publications, notes, and lantern slides from the collections of the late Dr. J. Paul Visscher, presented by Mrs. J. Paul Visscher and children, Cleveland, Ohio; and from Dr. Stillman Wright, Washing- ton, D. C., more than 533 lots of copepods and other fresh-water plank- ton from South America. Dr. E. A. Lachner collected for the Museum 247 crayfishes and 2 shrimps from the southern United States. Through David C. Nutt, the Museum received 1,887 specimens of miscellaneous marine invertebrates collected by the Blue Dolphin Expedition along the coast of Labrador. As exchanges, through Dr. H. B. Goodrich there were added to the collections more than 2,141 specimens of marine invertebrates from Wesleyan University; and from the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, Holland, through Dr. L. B. Holthuis, 10 paratypes of crayfishes from New Guinea, and 4 paratypes and 19 other specimens of fresh-water shrimps from Surinam. By transfer, more than 1,410 miscellaneous invertebrates were acquired from the United States Navy Arctic Research Laboratory, through J. Bohlke.
The largest accession received this fiscal year in the division of mollusks consisted of 22,000 specimens collected by Dr. Joseph P. E. Morrison in the area from Pennsylvania to Virginia, west to Missouri. Among the outstanding gifts received were 1,380 marine mollusks, largely from western Australia, presented by Mr. and Mrs. James A. Grigg ; 264 marine mollusks from the Red Sea, a gift from Sozon Vati- kiotis ; 55 specimens of rare Japanese marine mollusks from the Kyoto University through Dr. Tadashige Habe. There were received in exchanges from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Uni- versity, 1,543 mollusks; and from the Institut Frangais d’Afrique Noire of Dakar, French West Africa, 169 marine mollusks. Note- worthy also was a transfer of several rare shells from the Gulf of
18 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
Mexico by the Fish and Wildlife Service through Stewart Springer and Harvey R. Bullis, Jr.
The most outstanding accession of echinoderms comprised 26 speci- mens from the Gulf of Mexico received by transfer from the Fish and Wildlife Service through Stewart Springer.
Botany.—Jason R. Swallen, head curator of the department, col- lected 1,764 grasses in Honduras; Dr. E. H. Walker obtained 6,356 plants in the Ryukyu Islands and Japan on his botanical survey of Okinawa and adjacent islands ; 232 miscellaneous specimens from Min- nesota and California were collected for the Museum by C. V. Morton; and EK. P. Killip added to the collections 1,367 specimens, mostly from the Florida Keys and Cuba. Gifts included 1,419 specimens from the Arctic Institute of North America, collected by L. A. Spetzman in Alaska; 1,436 specimens from the Museo de Historia Natural “Javier Prado,” Lima, Pert, collected by Dr. Ramén Ferreyra; 1,133 plants of Florida from the Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Fla., col- lected by L. J. Brass; Oscar L. Haught, Littleton, W. Va., presented 1,494 specimens of Colombian plants, representing the most recent results of his productive field work in South America. In exchange, 2,072 specimens, mostly phanerogams and cryptogams of unusual his- torical interest were received from the Conservatoire et Jardin Botan- iques, Geneva, Switzerland ; 1,137 miscellaneous Canadian plants from the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada; 800 plants from the New York Botanical Garden, collected in Nyasaland by L. J. Brass; 982 specimens from the University of California collected by Annie M. Alexander and Louise Kellogg ; 659 specimens from V. L. Kamarov, of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, representing various collections from west- ern Siberia; and 515 plants from the Instituto de Botdénico of the Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Argentina, collected in Patagonia by H. Sleumer. The National Arboretum transferred to the Museum 567 specimens from Colombia and Ecuador.
Geology.—F ive new minerals not formerly represented in the miner- alogical collections were received as gifts and three as exchanges.
The Roebling bequest provided funds for the purchase of a large gem spodumene crystal from Brazil, a fine topaz crystal from Colo- rado, and several etched masses of gem-quality beryl from Brazil. A pink octahedron of fluorite on smoky quartz from Switzerland, wolframite on cassiterite from Bolivia, and vanadinite from México were purchased under the Canfield fund. A 53.8-carat spessartite garnet from Brazil was purchased under the Chamberlain fund for the gem collection. Mrs. C. Drage, in memory of her father, Dr. Frank Wigglesworth Clarke, for many years honorary curator of minerals in this Museum, presented a fine cat’s-eye chrysoberyl from Ceylon.
SECRETARY’S REPORT 19
Dr. Stuart H. Perry donated five meteorites. Of these, three from the following localities are new to the Museum collections: Dayton, Ohio; Loreta, Baja California; and Keen Mountain, Va.
A rare Japanese rock, miharaite, was received in exchange from the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan.
Important accessions were received as gifts, exchanges, or transfers by the division of invertebrate paleontology and paleobotany, includ- ing 75 type specimens of Foraminifera from Trinidad from Dr. P. Bronnimann; the types of 14 Cretaceous Foraminifera and 39 Paleo- cene Radiolaria from Dr. D. L. Frizzell; 58 type Foraminifera from the Lower Cretaceous of Algeria from Dr. A. ten Dam; 51 types of Devonian ostracods from Iowa from Lee B. Gibson; and 90 types of Mississippian crinoids from Dr. L. R. Laudon.
During the year 288 crinoids, including a number of types, were purchased under the Springer fund from Harrell L. Strimple. Income from the Walcott fund provided funds for paleontological field work which resulted in considerable collections from Alabama, Ohio, Penn- sylvania, southern Appalachians, Tennessee, ‘Texas, and Virginia.
Transfers from the United States Geological Survey include 1,800 types of Ozarkian and Canadian cephalopods described by AGL KK: Miller, Dr. E. O. Ulrich, and others; and 2 additional large lots of types of cephalopods. The Office of Naval Research transferred approximately 250,000 fresh-water Mesozoic and Cenozoic mollusks collected by Dr. T. C. Yen.
By exchange the Museum acquired Foraminifera from Algeria, Aruba Island, Estonia, Gotland, Germany, Austria, and Japan, as well as invertebrate fossils from Germany, Holland, Sicily, Australia, ‘Tasmania, and Canada.
A representative collection of Oligocene and Miocene mammals from the Canyon Ferry Reservoir area in Montana, a Cretaceous mosasaur from South Dakota, and a Paleocene pantolambdid from North Da- kota were included in the collections obtained by Dr. T. E. White and transferred by the River Basin Surveys. Significant collections trans- ferred by the United States Geological Survey included fish remains from the Paran4 Basin of Brazil, mastodont and other remains from the Ringold formation in Washington, and a variety of fossils from Eocene and Oligocene localities in Wyoming and Montana. Paleon- tological field work by Dr. C. L. Gazin under the Walcott fund resulted in the collection of nearly 270 small mammals in several lower Eocene and lower Oligocene deposits of western Wyoming.
Engineering and industries—Two examples of labor-saving ma- chines that served the farmer during the nineteenth century were received as gifts. One of these, a crank-operated fanning mill for separating chaff from grain and hulls from beans, which was used in
20 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
West Virginia about 75 years ago, was received from Arden Wilson. The other, a 2-row corn planter dated about 1860, was presented by Warren Hammond. A beautiful round tablecloth, 10 feet 10 inches in diameter, made of linen eyelet lace and hand-made filet medallions, was acquired as a bequest from Lena L. Jones. Eight pieces of American embroidery and drawn work of the eighteenth and nine- teenth centuries were presented by Mrs. Helen F. McMickle. The United States Forest Products Laboratories transferred to the section of wood technology 17 woods from eastern United States and México and 8 new wood products resulting from laboratory research. Joseph L. Stearns presented 25 woods from Indochina.
An oil engine built before 1878 by George B. Brayton, American in- ventor and manufacturer, was presented by Brown University at the suggestion of Professor Emeritus William H. Kenerson. The en- gine, which was purchased by the university to drive an arc-light dy- namo, is a 1-cylinder kerosene beam engine weighing about 1,500 pounds. Stephen C. Van Fleet presented a collection of early radio apparatus, including a complete 10-watt transmitter of 1922-23, a Jenkins Radiovisor of 1930, and a See-All Television Scanner.
Russell T. Limbach made a series of stones and prints to illustrate the making of a lithograph. Several notable prints, including two fifteenth-century niello prints, “Christ on the Cross” and “Portrait of a Pope,” were purchased through the Dahlgreen fund. The section of photography received from Dr. Lowrain McCrea his original cyto- scopecamera. Additions to the print collection include “Awakening,” an engraving by Gabor Peterdi, and “Furnace,” a wood engraving by Charles Quest, both purchased under the Dahlgreen fund, and “Win- ter,” a lithograph by Russell T. Limbach, the gift of the artist. Fif- teen prints by Wood Whitesell and 14 prints by A. Aubrey Bodine were presented by the artists for the photographic print collection. A keratometer or opthalmometer designed to measure the amount of corneal astigmatism was received from Dr. Arthur O. Morton.
History.—A walnut chest of drawers once owned by Jonathan Ed- wards, New England scholar and theologian (1703-1758), came as a gift from Louise Taylor Andrews to the division of civil history.
During the year an unusual group of ship models, including the Bon Homme Richard, frigate Constitution, sloop Kearsarge, cruiser Olym- pia, cruiser Brooklyn, destroyer Manley, and heavy cruiser Wichita were transferred by the Department of the Navy for incorporation in the hall of naval history.
As a bequest, the division of military history received the saddles and horse equipment of Gen. John J. Pershing, and his son, Francis Warren Pershing, presented the General’s library comprising some 1,800 volumes.
SECRETARY’S REPORT 2]
The heirs of Edward C. Tarbell (1862-1938) gave 12 medals, which had been awarded to this American artist, to the division of numis- matics. ‘The Reverend Hugh Miller collection of 544 oriental coins and 110 Korean amulets was received as a transfer from the Treasury Department.
The philatelic collections were increased during the year by gifts from the Universal Postal Union, the United States Post Office De- partment, and agencies of other governments. The dies of George F. Nesbitt & Co. (1853-70) which were used in the production of early United States envelopes were presented by B. H. Homan, Jr., of New York City. The library of this division was increased by important gifts from the Essay-Proof Society, the Bureau Issues Association, and Scott Publications, Inc.
EXPLORATION AND FIELD WORK
Through the cooperation of the National Geographic Society and the United States Air Force, Frank M. Setzler made a survey of the human and animal effigies located along the Colorado River near the towns of Blythe and Ripley, Calif., and near Topock, Ariz. During the year Dr. W. W. Taylor, Jr., directed six trips for the prehistoric Pueblo ecology survey in the Four Corners district of Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. As the representative of the Smithsonian Institution, H. W. Krieger attended the Fifth Interamerican Congress of Municipal History at Ciudad Trujillo, Dominican Republic, and subsequently revisited and examined the site of the first planned set- tlement in the New World, which had been established by Christopher Columbus in December 1498, on his second voyage, at La Isabella. A Neosha grant enabled John C. Ewers to continue his field studies of Blackfoot crafts on reservations in Alberta, Canada, and Montana. Dr. Waldo R. Wedel was detailed to the Smithsonian River Basin Sur- veys for an archeological field investigation of the Oahe Reservoir area along the Missouri River in Stanley County, S. Dak.
Field work of recent years on the distribution and variation of the bird life of the Republic of Panama, by Dr. Alexander Wetmore, Secretary, assisted by Watson M. Perrygo, of the United States Na- tional Museum, was continued during February and March. Follow- ing several days occupied with business matters relating to the Canal Zone Biological Area, Dr. Wetmore crossed to the Caribbean side of the Isthmus where his field outfit, through the cooperation of the United States Air Force at Albrook Field, was transported by truck to the road end at the mouth of the Rio Salud, west of the Canal Zone. Here porters were hired for transport along the beach trail to the mouth of the Rio Indio in the western edge of the Province of Colon. ’ The Rio Indio is one of the longest rivers in western Panama, as it
22 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
heads in the mountains to the north of El Valle de Antén, where col- lections were made on the headwaters last year. Field work begun on February 14 covered the coastal area inland to Chilar, and on February 21 the party moved inland to the head of canoe navigation at El Uracillo in northern Coclé Province. After two weeks’ work there, and a further week at the mouth of the river, work terminated on March 12.
The region is still one of forest, though clearing and cultivation are going forward rapidly. Vegetation was heavy, and although this was the dry season there were daily rains except in the immediate area of the coast. The collections cbtained give much valuable data on distribution, particularly since the region has been unknown ornithologically.
Following this, the party worked from March 14 to 24 on Taboga Island, opposite the Pacific end of the Panama Canal, a region as dry as the Caribbean area was humid. The avifauna is extremely limited but has yielded interesting and unexpected information that will be embodied in a short paper covering Taboga and the adjacent islands of Taboguilla and Urava, to be published during next fiscal year in the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections.
The ornithological survey of Colombia, carried on for several years through M. A. Carriker, Jr., opened this season at the end of January in the southern part of the republic near Puracé. Operations in the main covered regions accessible from Popayan, with one excursion to the lowland areas in the Territory of Caqueta. The work has been highly successful, and this season completes the survey. The speci- mens obtained this year from the Departments of Cauca and Huila will be especially important in assistance in the study of the earlier collections from farther north.
The detail of Dr. David H. Johnson to the Army Medical Service Graduate School research unit, engaged in a study of mammalian and other hosts involved in the transmission of scrub typhus in the vicinity of Mount Kinabalu, British North Borneo, was continued from June to August 1951. The ecological survey of the mammals of the Arctic slope of Alaska, commenced by Dr. Henry W. Setzer under a coopera- tive arrangement with the Arctic Research Laboratory, Office of Naval Research, Point Barrow, Alaska, was concluded in August 1951. Charles O. Handley, Jr., in continuation of his studies on the mammals of eastern United States, especially of the southern Appalachian high- lands, conducted field work in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park during April 1952. On June 15, 1952, Mr. Handley sailed from New York as a member of an expedition, sponsored and led by Laurence K. Marshall, of Cambridge, Mass., which will be engaged
SECRETARY'S REPORT 23
in anthropological and zoological field work over a period of several months in the Kalahari Desert region of South-West Africa.
During April 1952, Dr. E. A. Lachner and William T. Leapley in- vestigated the ecology and life history of fresh-water fishes in the streams draining the mountain and Piedmont plateau sections of the Atlantic slope from Virginia southward to Georgia and thence west- ward in the streams of the Gulf coast drainage to Alabama. After crossing the Mississippi flatlands, field work was continued in the river systems of northeastern Texas and Oklahoma. On the return trip collections were made in the streams of the Ozark uplands in Arkansas and also in those of Kentucky. <A collecting trip which extended from near Shreveport, La., to Kerrville and Laredo, Tex., and thence down the Rio Grande Valley to Padre Island and eastward along the Gulf coast, to procure insects prevalent only in the fall months, was made by Oscar L. Cartwright during September—October 1951. At the request of the Pacific Science Board, National Research Council, Dr. Joseph P. E. Morrison of the division of mollusks was detailed early in June 1952 to make an ecological survey of Raroia Atoll in the Tuamotu Islands.
From February to May 1952, Dr. Lyman B. Smith, through the cooperation of the Rockefeller Foundation and various Brazilian agencies, notably the Servigo Nacional de Malaria, the Herbario “Barbosa Rodrigues,” the Museu Nacional, the Jardin Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, and the Instituto de Botanico do Sao Paulo, carried on a field study of the relation of the Bromeliaceae to malarial control in eastern Brazil between Para and Santa Catarina. Dr. Egbert H. Walker returned to Washington, D. C., on September 30, 1951, after the completion of the botanical field work on the Ryukyu Islands spon- sored by the Pacific Science Board, National Research Council. In October 1951, Jason R. Swallen arrived in Honduras where, as the guest of the Escuela Agricola Panamericana, he was provided trans- portation that enabled him to collect grasses in the pine forests, open grasslands, and cloud forests, principally in the Departments of Morazan and El Paraiso.
During the year seven field trips were made for the purpose of col- lecting fossils and studying geological strata. A. L. Bowsher and William T. Allen, with the assistance of members of the staff of the New Mexico Bureau of Mines, assembled invertebrate fossils from the Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian strata in the Sacramento Mountains, N. Mex. In the latter half of October, Dr. G. A. Cooper joined Dr. B. N. Cooper, of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, in a study of the facies relationships of nonmarine Ordovician beds in the southern Appalachians. Late in October 1951, A. L. Bowsher accom-
236639—53——3
24 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
panied Dr. Edwin Kirk, of the United States Geological Survey, to Alabama and Tennessee to obtain Mississippian crinoids. Dr. A. R. Loeblich, Jr., secured foraminiferal samples from the uppermost Lower Cretaceous and basal Upper Cretaceous beds in northern Texas. Mississippian and Pennsylvanian invertebrate fossils were collected in northern Ohio and western Pennsylvania by A. L. Bowsher and William T. Allen in April 1952. Dr. C. L. Gazin continued his investi- gation, during the summer of 1951, of the mammalian faunal horizons of the lower Eocene Knight formation in the Green River or Bridger basins of southwestern Wyoming and the lower Oligocene deposits in the Wind River basin. During October 1951, Dr. David H. Dunkle examined briefly reported occurrences of Cretaceous fishes at Xilitla, San Luis Potosi, and Tlaxiaco, Oaxaca, México.
A grant of funds from Edwin A. Link, of Binghamton, N. Y., en- abled Mendel L. Peterson to join Mr. Link at Marathon, Fla., and participate in a survey of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Spanish and British ships which had been wrecked on the reefs between Tavernier Key and Vaca Key, and on West Sambo Reef lying off Key West. The 65-ton diesel-powered boat, Sea Diver, owned and equip- ped by Mr. Link for this survey, afforded a base for diving operations. Cannon barrels and balls, iron hull fittings, iron nails, cast-iron ingots, and fragments of wood hulls were recovered from the wrecks on these reefs.
VISITORS
During the fiscal year 1952 there were 3,103,651 visitors to the Museum buildings, an increase of 486,425 over the attendance for 1951. The average daily number of visitors was 8,767. On one day, May 381, 1952, 50,329 visitors were recorded. Attendance records for the three buildings show the following numbers of visitors: Smith- sonian Building, 661,278; Arts and Industries Building, 1,587,910; and Natural History Building, 854,463. April 1952 was the month of the largest attendance with 450,120 visitors; May 1952 was the next largest with 423,103; and August 1951 was third with 392,177. For the last 4 months of the fiscal year, March to June inclusive, a record was kept of groups of school children visiting the Museum buildings. During this 4-month interval, 159,784 children in 4,289 groups were recorded.
CHANGES IN ORGANIZATION AND STAFF
Dr. Paul L. Illg, associate curator, division of marine invertebrates, resigned on March 18, 1952, to accept a position in the department of zoology of the University of Washington at Seattle. On Octo- ber 19, 1951, Eugene J. Fite, assistant curator, division of graphic
SECRETARY’S REPORT 25
arts, transferred to the Federal Security Agency. George S. Thomas, associate curator, division of medicine and public health, resigned August 31, 1951, to enter private business. The vacancy in the section of manufactures and agricultural industries was filled on Septem- ber 17, 1951, by the appointment of Edward C. Kendall as associate curator.
Respectfully submitted.
Remineton Ketxoce, Director. Dr. A. Wetmore, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 2
Report on the National Gallery of Art
Sir: I have the honor to submit, on behalf of the Board of Trustees, the fifteenth annual report of the National Gallery of Art, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1952. This report is made pursuant to the provisions of section 5 (d) of Public Resolution No. 14, Seventy-fifth Congress, first session, approved March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51).
ORGANIZATION
The statutory members of the Board of Trustees of the National Gallery of Art are the Chief Justice of the United States, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, ex officio. The five general trustees con- tinuing in office during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1952, were Samuel H. Kress, Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Duncan Phillips, Chester Dale, and Paul Mellon. The Board of Trustees held its annual meet- ing on May 6, 1952. Samuel H. Kress was reelected President and Ferdinand Lammot Belin Vice President, to serve for the ensuing year. Donald D. Shepard continued to serve during the year as Advisor to the Board.
All the executive officers of the Gallery continued in office during the year:
Huntington Cairns, Secretary-Treasurer. David E. Finley, Director.
Harry A. McBride, Administrator. Huntington Cairns, General Counsel. John Walker, Chief Curator.
Macgill James, Assistant Director.
The three standing committees of the Board, as constituted at the annual meeting May 6, 1952, were as follows:
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Chief Justice of the United States, Fred M. Vinson, Chairman. Samuel H. Kress, Vice Chairman.
Ferdinand Lammot Belin.
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Dr. Alexander Wetmore. Paul Mellon.
26
SECRETARY'S REPORT 27 FINANCE COMMITTEE
Secretary of the Treasury, John W. Snyder, Chairman. Samuel H. Kress, Vice Chairman.
Ferdinand Lammot Belin.
Chester Dale.
Paul Mellon.
ACQUISITIONS COMMITTEE
Ferdinand Lammot Belin, Chairman. Duncan Phillips.
Chester Dale.
Paul Mellon.
David HE. Finley.
At the annual meeting on May 6, 1952, the Board of Trustees pro- posed an amendment to section 5, article VI of the bylaws of the Trustees’ “Constitution of Acquisitions Committee” reducing the num- ber of ex officio members from three to two and increasing the elected members from two to three. The amendment provided further that the Vice President of the Gallery shall be Chairman of the Acquisi- tions Committee. On June 10, 1952, the Board of Trustees adopted the proposed amendment and elected Paul Mellon to fill the vacancy existing on the Committee as the result of the amendment.
PERSONNEL
On June 30, 1952, the Government employees on the staff of the National Gallery of Art numbered 301, as compared with 308 em- ployees as of June 30,1951. The United States Civil Service regula- tions govern the appointment of employees paid from appropriated public funds.
APPROPRIATIONS
For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1952, the Congress of the United States appropriated for the National Gallery of Art $1,240,000 to be used for salaries and expenses in the operation and upkeep of the Gallery, the protection and care of works of art acquired by the Board of Trustees, and all administrative expenses incident thereto as authorized by section 4 (a) of Public Resolution 14, Seventy-fifth Congress, first session, approved March 24, 1937 (50 Stat. 51). This sum includes the regular appropriation of $1,154,000 and a supple- mental appropriation of $86,000. The supplemental appropriation was necessitated by increased pay costs authorized by Public Law 201, Eighty-second Congress, approved October 24, 1951.
28 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
From these appropriations the following expenditures and encum- brances were incurred:
Personal’ services....=—.-2=—=-2--=+_ =. == Seas $1, 096, 425. 00
Printine and. reproduction== 2292) eee 4, 528. 75
Supplies; equipement. CkG se ee eee 137, 863. 11
Wnoblicatedi balances se ee ee 1, 183. 14
Motaliets) rss. Path 7 Ee re ae eee 1, 240, 000. 00 ATTENDANCE
During the fiscal year 1952 there were 1,522,596 visitors to the Gal- lery, an average daily attendance of about 4,188. This compares with 1,503,148 visitors during 1951, an increase of 19,448. Since March 17, 1941, when the Gallery was opened to the public, to June 30, 1952, there have been 20,284,018 visitors.
ACCESSIONS
During the fiscal year the Gallery received 1,891 accessions as gifts, loans, or deposits. Most of the paintings and a number of the prints were placed on exhibition.
GIFTS PAINTINGS
The Board of Trustees on July 11, 1951, accepted two paintings: “Right and Left” by Winslow Homer and “John James Audubon” by John Woodhouse Audubon, both gifts from the Avalon Foundation. On the same date the Board accepted from E. J. L.. Hallstrom 10 paint- ings by Audubon: Farmyard Fowls, Black-footed Ferret, Bull, Arctic Hare, Weasel, Long-tailed Red Fox, Sharp-tailed Sparrow, Orchard Oriole, Yellow Warbler, and Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. On August 24 the Board accepted for a National Portrait Gallery from an anonymous donor the portrait of Gen. George C. Marshall by Thomas Stephens. On December 5 the Board of Trustees accepted “Portrait of a Man and Boy” by Tintoretto, the gift of Samuel L. Fuller, and “Gypsy Girl with Mandolin” by Corot, the gift of Count Pecci-Blunt. Also on this date the Board accepted a portrait of John Cardinal McCloskey by Healy from Miss Elizabeth McCloskey Cleary. On December 17 the Board accepted the painting “Rape of Proserpine” by Turner from Mrs. Watson B. Dickerman. On Janu- ary 15, 1952, the Board accepted from the Avalon Foundation the portrait of Alexander Hamilton by Trumbull. The Board accepted on May 6 the gift of two paintings from Duncan Phillips: “Singing Party” by Hogarth and “Allegorical Landscape” by a follower of Par- migianino. On this same date the Board received the portrait of Mrs.
SECRETARY'S REPORT 29
Mathilde Townsend Welles by Sargent, the bequest of Mrs. Welles. The Board received two portraits by Alvan Clark, “Thomas Whitte- more” and “Lovice C. Whittemore,” from the Thomas Whittemore
estate. SCULPTURE
On December 5, 1952, the Board of Trustees accepted from Lessing J. Rosenwald a group of 15 bronzes by Daumier.
PRINTS AND DRAWINGS
On July 11, 1951, the Board of Trustees accepted from E. J. L. Hallstrom 18 miscellaneous prints by Audubon. On October 16 the Board accepted from Lessing J. Rosenwald a group of 244 prints and drawings and a group of 1,006 historical portrait prints, to be added to his gift to the Gallery. On the same date the Board accepted from Mrs. Andrew Carey 23 prints and drawings, and from Paul Rosenberg a drawing for the painting “Mme. Moitessier” by Ingres. The Board on December 5 accepted 202 prints and drawings from Lessing J. Rosenwald, and on December 17 the Board approved the addition of 41 prints by Alphonse Legros to the gift of George Matthew Adams.
EXCHANGE OF WORKS OF ART
On October 16, 1951, the Board of Trustees accepted the offer of Les- sing J. Rosenwald to exchange the Rembrandt etching “The Presenta- tion in the Temple” for a superior impression of the same work.
WORKS OF ART ON LOAN
During the fiscal year 1952 the following works of art were received on loan by the National Gallery of Art.
From Artist
GC. S. Gulbenkian, Lisbon, Portugal ;
Hight) 2old) medallions=22=22 222222 Greco-Roman, third cen-
tury A. D.
Chester Dale, New York, N. Y.:
AY ce LS LO Tle et ee eee Stuart.
‘Tre one enement==-—— ee eee Bellows.
ive vEbunter = see nen en eee ee eee J. L. David.
Henle aN GOSSOS 22a ee ee ee ee Steinlen.
Housestof Parliament=2--- ee Monet.
New York Street Scene in Winter__-___-_____-- Henri.
Portraitpotarveady ul nRedee =a Theus.
Portrait said to be Mrs. Thomas Palmer____-_-- Feke.
TherArtists: Garden 22) = oe ee SS Blakelock.
IB aCkPE a Wika eee aoe, Se a ea eee C. King.
SprincswWoodse ates te ae ae a eee Se eee Ranger.
BOyLOntiNe ROCKS eee o=— = ee eee eee _..--~ Rousseau.
ThegwWindmiblle see nD eS ee ce Cee: Ryder.
Moonligh (ae ease te. oo eet eee Weir.
30
From Artist Chester Dale, New York, N. Y.—Continued
The, Basket=-5 > seer 6. A a ee Dufy. WiC WOOL CZ ee ee eee Dufy. ‘Tes Communicate a= se eee ee ee ee Carriere. Seated (Nude s9 oe ee eee ee Matisse. InitheyRarn 4s Seek Seni ae 2) ie Pu ae ee Hassam. Seated: Nude 2222-2. ta Be ES Hassam. Cafe Scenen ee re a eee Rouault. Nude with Raised-Arms__ sew ces ee seeree Rouault. Orancesiand Marivolds: 222 Se ee Vallotton. Basque Landscapes! es oe ee OUn ans Nude Woman with Flowers and Fruit________.___ Braque. Nude Woman with Fruit__________-_______.---.. Braque. Peonies #2222225 2-525 25222 81. eee et ee Braque. Still uife: The. Wabless--- 3s. 2 Se Se eee Braque. Still Life: derJouts 22 ee Conversation among the Ruins______-__---_---_-. de Chirico. Harlequins is Vee ee Pe Eee ee Derain. Woman injan Armchairs=:- S52) Derain. Head.afia, Ginks =... Fe ee I Derain. Still ites. =2 = 2 28 ee ne Derain. The OldsBridee@= =~ =— == == a= ee eee Derain. ISLOWOESTINTAY VSG See aie ee Derain. 1S CERT EWA, (0) anh Oe is Ses eee Derain. Geil Diffie. 2s 55 oe ee ees Dufresne. Judzment 00 Parish... as. ae eee eee ee Dufresne. Nude: Reclining! ==. 3s. Se ee oe ees Dufy. Saint) Janet ane ae ene Dufy. Vendor of ces] 2-2 ee eee ee ee Gromaire. Woman with Mirrors == ss2es 2 eee Leger. In:thesParke=— 96-23 soe ee ee Laurencin. Tie Bicw@lond a= =. eae Lureat. Odalisque with Raised Arms___*+-__== == - == Matisse. Womsanawith) bxX0ule eb lant2= 2 = eee Matisse. Wes! Gorzes dt) VOU» Sn ee eee Matisse. Still Life: Apples on Pink Table Cloth_________- Matisse. MhesPlumed Hats == Se ee Matisse. The) Musician—< 242 == Ss5=2-33 pace Marcoussis. lbeon Bakst 222 2= se a ee ee Modigliani. Mme. Amedee (Woman with Cigarette) _-___-__ Modigliani. Adrienne (Woman with Bangs) -----_--_----_--. Modigliani. Wicman swith hed grlait esas see ee ee Modigliani. Gypsy Woman with, Baby === ee eee. Modigliani. he Markets == .. 3 <2. Sse Be ree Oudot. ThevLOVeCIS.. 225-4 ns ee ee ee ee Picasso. UM (old Bg 21s bh ee ee ee ee es ee Picasso. hei Gourmet: = oe sie oe eee ee ee Picasso. Two: Vouthsi2 2p ee oen es eee eee is TERE Picasso. Agere kere ahmed inl ioe Se Picasso. Hamily ot Saltimbandues222s. 222-224 — = a __ Picasso. Stil Ale... ae, Se ee ee ee CASS) Glassicalblead 222 a ee er ee eens Picasso.
ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
Mime: Picass0..=-=-=- 222 oe ee ee Picasso.
SECRETARY’S REPORT 31
From Artist Chester Dale, New York, N. ¥.—Continued
IPOrkrainOl a) BOV2 5 ee a ee ee Soutine. TherNeainwayn pelleville 2-2 as ee Quizet. IB SENG Ree eee or oe ee ee eS Tondu. Marizy-Sainte-Genevieve______-_-__ -_-----__--- Utrillo. Ghunch(oesaiit- Severna. = 2-9 = Utrillo. WalSChOtnOWOIS =< = eee anae te ene a eae, Viaminck. THOR IVGRE = S25: e885 oe Sra ee ee he ee Viaminck. Still nitenithyuemons=— 3. 5-== = es wae Viaminck. Olad.PoxtoiiMarseilles--- Sa a es Fe Viaminck. Gamnieresss gint=Weniss= 5.2 2a ee ee. Viaminck.
U. S. Department of State (Charles Loeser Bequest) :
ShillgiterofApples==-=- === = Cezanne.
Stillehifetwithy Soule sess ee eee Cezanne.
aR Sobten ViClOMee a: a ee ee ee Cezanne.
IOusenBesidera Wakes se We ae SE eee Cezanne.
TERM ORES G sete = te ee el eter 2 ees aan eh ae the ad dee bee Cezanne.
Iota 8 CN. a ee ee Cezanne.
iBoamouseion thewniver=——= =~ a Cezanne.
Landseape witha towers2252 2 ee eee Cezanne. Mrs. William C. Johnson, Frederick, Md.:;
Portrait/ofl MonroeLe. == 2 SA ee ee Vanderlyn. Patrick Tracy Jackson, Cambridge, Mass. :
Patrick Gray. = aoe nt a eee ee ee! Trumbull. Walter C. B. Morse, Glenwood, Md.:
Rrancis; Goodloe. Harpers 2222 222-22 - == Samuel EF. B. Morse.
Robert Woods Bliss, Washington, D. C.: 28 objects of Pre-Columbian art.
LOANED WORKS OF ART RETURNED
The following works of art on loan were returned during the fiscal year 1952:
To Artist Chauncey Stillman, New York, N. Y.: AS Holbendieriem:. £22. bows Bigs soul et eset tae es Pontormo. Mrs. Robert Brookings, Washington, D. C.: sabel \Valleraae. eee See eee ee Sargent. LsHibella velba Sar cent esas ee ee So ee eae ee Sargent.
WORKS OF ART LENT
During the fiscal year 1952 the Gallery lent the following works of art for exhibition purposes:
To Artist American Federation of Arts (Berlin Exhibition) : George Washington (Vaughan-Sinclair) -__-----_____-_-- Stuart. Atlanta Art Association, High Museum, Atlanta, Ga.: Al@SAnGer, Ean Ole 22 s- csee ee Lee Se Trumbull. JANG BLO WCW ee ear te a RE Copley.
Walliaminsy MOQ0re 25 320-2 ae ee ee Feke.
32 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
To Artist
Atlanta Art Association, High Museum, Atlanta, Ga.—Continued
JobnyPhilin: devthlaas! 9. 24 eee eee Peal, C. W.
Matilda i@rucerbeitns oo 2 eee Stuart.
George) Rollockweire i205 22 oe ee eee Stuart.
Mrs: George Pollock’. 333 a ee ee eT Stuart.
Roberti ithew 22220. oa See ek eee Stuart.
Eke): WiHiiltG22ns Gee. +28 et oe Stuart.
Ann -Hopkinsoni @-6 —. -s eno Soe ee a Sully.
Rrancis: Hopkinson =. 324 = hse eee Sully.
Self Portraits ee he oe St eee West.
Mary WaltonyMortig= 22 2. 2 4.25 Ss Se Wollaston.
Willtamoick a re sees ee Tip ee Stuart.
William:S: Mount 2226-3 a a A eee Hlliott.
Josias: Alistonunes 2} ono ae ee Theus.
Phomas, Painewe rw) ne a et Jarvis.
Henry; (Cla yeu eased ee ee tee ee J. J. Audubon.
Henry Laurens 2.8 ne ee a er ee ae Copley.
Andrew Jacksoneu ? 22 a a ee ee Ralph Earl.
General) Motltriee ts ae a et en ee Peale, C. W.
Pocahontas) ete) re ee See ee ee British School. Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, Mass.:
A YYoune woman (Costume. Study) EEE Durer. National Audubon Society, New York, N. Y.:
Bulle s+ 32 See we oe eee eee Audubon.
Anetio are tee eee. io oe ne teen nenn ses eee Audubon. Portraits, Ine., New York, N. Y.:
Angrew Wi Mellon] 8S. ree enaee eeee Oswald Birley. Phillips Gallery, Washington, D. C.:
Stormioverla0s). (watercolor) =—=__—— = Marin.
Hecho Take: i(water Color) 2.20.2 323 ee Be ee eee Marin. Woodlawn Association, Woodlawn, Va.:
Willigm Chor ton 228 2s a ee oe See Stuart.
Mrs Walia enOrntones sees ee ee ee ee Stuart.
George Washington at Princeton___._._._...___-_--__---~_- Polk. Senate House Museum, Kingston, N. Y.:
“Zachariah: Schoonmakers £22520) s-68 ea Vanderlyn.
She Returntom Rip: VansWinkle=23= 3 =ssne eee Quidor.
EXHIBITIONS
The following exhibitions were held at the National Gallery of Art during the fiscal year 1952:
American Paintings from the Collection of the National Gallery of Art. Continued from previous fiscal year through September 10, 1951.
Audubon Paintings and Prints from the Collection of the National Gallery of Art. September 23 through October 28, 1951.
Index of American Design. Water-color renderings. November 4 through November 25, 1951.
Fifteenth-century Graphic Art. From the Rosenwald Collection, including woodcuts, broadsides, a famous printed textile, block books, and early illustrated woodcut books. December 2, 1951, through February 3, 1952.
French Paintings. Lent to the National Gallery of Art by Capt. Edward Molyneux of France. March 2 through May 11, 1952.
SECRETARY'S REPORT 33
Lithographs by Toulouse-Lautree. From the Rosenwald Collection. Opened May 18, 1952.
French Wighteenth-century Aquatints. From the Widener Collection. Opened June 3, 1952.
The following exhibitions were displayed in the cafeteria cor- ridor of the National Gallery of Art during the fiscal year 1952:
Engravings by William Blake. Gift of anonymous donor. Continued from previous fiscal year through January 20, 1952.
Etchings by Jacques Callot. The Rosenwald Collection. January 22 through April 19, 1952.
Etchings and drypoints by Alphonse Legros. The George Matthew Adams Collection. Opened April 19, 1952.
TRAVELING EXHIBITIONS
Rosenwald Collection.—Special exhibitions of prints from the Rosenwald Collection were circulated to the following places during the fiscal year:
U. S. Department of State Exhibition in Germany: Contemporary American Prints.
August 195i-January 1952.
University of Alabama, University, Ala.: Exhibition of Picasso Prints. September-—October 1951.
University of Miami, Coral Gables, Fla.: English Water-color Exhibition.
October 1951.
Maryville College, Maryville, Tenn.:
French Nineteenth-century Exhibition. October 1951.
Pasadena Art Institute, Pasadena, Calif.: Mary Cassatt Prints.
October 1951.
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.: Selections from the Rosenwald Collection. October 1951-January 1952.
Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio: Lyonel Feininger Prints. October-November 1951.
Fogg Museum of Art, Cambridge, Mass. : Cranach Woodcuts.
November 1951.
Carnegie Institute, Department of Fine Arts, Pittsburgh, Pa.: Old Master Drawings, French Exhibition. November—December 1951.
Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, Mass. :
The Practice of Drawing, Old Master Drawings. November 1951—January 1952.
Philadelphia Art Alliance, Philadelphia, Pa.: Beckmann Prints.
December 1951.
34 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
Carnegie Institute, Department of Fine Arts, Pittsburgh, Pa.:
Vollard Exhibition. January 1952.
Milwaukee Art Institute, Milwaukee, Wis. :
Blake Exhibition. January 1952.
Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, Ala.:
Vollard Exhibition. February—March 1952.
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pa.: 100 Masterpieces of the Print. February—March 1952.
Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, Minn. : Water Colors by Old Masters.
April 15-June 15, 1952.
Wesleyan University Art Department, Middletown, Conn.: 1 Picasso—Picasso-Klee Exhibition.
May 12-30, 1952.
Busch-Reisinger Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. : “Durer, Before and After,” Sixteenth-century Prints. May 9—June 19, 1952.
U. S. Department of State, Washington, D. C.:
4 American Contemporaries for Lugano.
The White House, Washington, D. C.: Permanent loan exhibition of 21 prints.
Index of American Design.—During the fiscal year 1952, 38 travel- ing exhibitions of original water-color renderings of this collection, with 78 bookings, were sent to the following States and countries:
Number of State Exhibitions Alabama: 2.223 3) Rt eR es ee = CI Sa TNS Sh a ee a ee er 2 io Connecticut, 222-5 = Bn or ee ee 4 District of (Columbian... os ee ff LOTR iso 5 ee ee eh 1 POWs. nee oo 2 = a ee 4 Kentueky <..2=-—2--iten NaS ee eee af Maryland 2.022.222.2220 25555 eee 2 Massachusetts... tee eee. ee MISSOUTL 322 a 1 New. Hampshirés <= 22s 22: +2) 22 jee fel. New JG@rseyn2 ss es ee ee eas 1 ING@W) ODK 222-22 eu 3 Sue ee ee 10 North: /Carolina!2 2. 252 xs0. ae da, See eee 7 Pennsylyania2 +s 29-2 oes See ee ee 1 South ‘Caroling: = 2% spe ee ae oe ee 1 Mennesse@sh 2:22... e 8S ee ee ee 5 Utahs22 <i Nes 2 ee 1 Wermont— ~~ <2 4 ee, A ee eee 9 Virginia see 2 Jee. ee ees ee ab Waisconsinz2ia Se eae ey ree eee 1 Europe (except Western Germany) --_-----______ 1 Germany*and Austria2. 222205. =e a ee 1
Western Germanyesoa 03 eee ee ik
SECRETARY'S REPORT 35 CURATORIAL ACTIVITIES
The Curatorial Department accessioned 1,653 new gifts to the Gallery during the fiscal year 1952. Advice was given regarding 307 works of art brought to the Gallery for opinion, and 56 visits to other collections were made by members of the staff for either expert opinion or in connection with offers of gifts. About 2,000 inquiries requiring research were answered verbally and by letter. During the year seven individual lectures were given by members of the curatorial staff. Miss Elizabeth Mongan gave a lecture series to students of Beaver College, and Charles M. Richards conducted two courses in art history under the auspices of the Department of Agriculture. Mr. Richards attended the annual meeting of the American Association of Museums and served as an expert in a round-table discussion of registrarial problems. Miss Katharine Shepard was sent as a delegate from the Washington Society to the annual meeting of the Archaeological In- stitute of America. Perry C. Cott was elected to the Board of Gov- ernors of this Institute. Mr. Cott arranged a schedule of tours of United States museums for visiting foreigners under the International Exchange of Persons Division, State Department. Erwin O. Christensen made examinations of objects in the Widener collection in connection with the publication of the handbook, “Jewels and Rock Crystals.” Mr. Christensen also made a survey and wrote a report on the condition of the marquetry of the furniture in the Widener collection for restoration purposes.
Special installations were prepared for the eight gold medallions lent to the Gallery by C.S. Gulbenkian, and for Pre-Columbian objects lent by Robert Woods Bliss.
The cataloging and filing of photographs in the Richter archive continued to make progress. The cataloging of photographs in the Stieglitz collection was completed in the spring; 1,486 cards were made.
RESTORATION AND REPAIR OF WORKS OF ART
Necessary restoration and repair of works of art in the Gallery’s collections were made by Francis Sullivan, Resident Restorer to the Gallery. The work was completed in the Restorer’s studio in the Gallery.
PUBLICATIONS
During the year Huntington Cairns contributed an article on “The Humanities and the Law” to the New York University Law Review, and reviews of volumes I, II, and III of “The Psychology of Art,” by André Malraux, to the Virginia Quarterly Review; “Caravan: The Story of the Middle East,” by Carleton S. Coon, to the Scientific - Monthly; and “The Spirit of Liberty: Papers and Addresses of Learned Hand,” edited by Irving Dilliard, to the Baltimore Evening
36 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
Sun. He also delivered a series of lectures at the Johns Hopkins University on “The Theory of Criticism.”
An article by John Walker entitled “Your National Gallery of Art” appeared in the January issue of the National Geographic Magazine. Mrs. John Shapley contributed an article, “Benozzo Gozzoli’s Dance of Salome,” to the Gazette des Beaux-Arts, February 1952. Perry B. Cott contributed an article, “Italian Art in the National Gallery, Washington,” for Le Vie del Mondo, May 1952. Mr. Cott also pre- pared the catalog “French Paintings from the Molyneux Collection,” April 1952. Miss Elizabeth Mongan wrote “Introduction for Bo- tanical Books, Prints and Drawings from the Collection of Mrs. Roy Arthur Hunt,” October 1951. Miss Mongan also wrote “Introduc- tion,” Reder, New York, Borgenricht Gallery.
The new book “Great Paintings from the National Gallery of Art,” by Huntington Cairns and John Walker, to be published by the Mac- millan Co., will be ready for delivery in November 1952. A new Handbook, No. 3, on “Objects of Medieval Art” by Erwin O. Christen- sen, is also on order.
A book for hobbyists, entitled “Early American Designs : Ceramics,” was written by Erwin O. Christensen; and two articles on adult art education programs were written by Miss Lois Bingham and Grose Evans for the Walters Art Gallery in Baltimore.
During the fiscal year 1952 the Publications Fund added five new color postcards and a new 11-x-14’’ color reproduction to the list available, and 59 more of the large color plates were made for use in the new book “Great Paintings from the National Gallery of Art,” and eventual use for 11-x-14’’ prints. Four new Christmas card color plates were also produced.
A new guidebook, “Looking at Italian Pictures in the National Gallery of Art,” was issued, and Mr. Walker’s booklet “Paintings from America” was placed on sale. The Handbook No. 1 went into a third large printing, and a second printing of the “European Paint- ings from the Gulbenkian Collection” was received. Before Christ- mas, a calendar entitled “Famous Paintings” and a Spanish-language guide to collections of art in the United States, both including a large number of Gallery works of art, were placed on sale in the information rooms.
During this period, reproductions of 10 pieces of sculpture from the Gallery’s collection were made available for the first time and have been well received. Three more recordings by the National Gallery Symphony Orchestra were also placed on sale, as well as a new set of Index of American Design playing cards. A checklist of the Molyneux paintings was made available during the exhibition hers in the winter.
SECRETARY'S REPORT 37 EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
The attendance for the general, congressional, and special tours and the “Picture of the Week” totaled 36,756, while the attendance at the 48 auditorium lectures on Sunday afternoons was approximately 14,284 during the fiscal year 1952.
Special tours, lectures, and conferences arranged for by appointment were given to 213 groups and individuals. The total number of people served in this manner was 5,651, an increase of 2,093 over last year. These special appointments were made for such groups as Department of State trainees for overseas cultural service, Germans sponsored by the orientation program of the American Council of Education functioning under the point-4 program of the Department of State, groups from various other governmental departments, high- school and college students, women’s clubs, Brownies, Scouts, Sunday school classes, and groups from national conventions meeting in the city. This service also included the training of Junior League vol- unteers who thereafter conducted tours for art students in the Wash- ington high schools and a training program for members of the Arlington American Association of University Women who served as volunteer docents and conducted tours in the Gallery for all the Arlington public-school children in grades two through six.
The staff of the Education Office delivered 26 lantern-slide lectures and four film lectures, while guest speakers delivered 17 lectures. During March and April, Jacques Maritain delivered the first annual series of the A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts on the theme “Cre- ative Intuition in Art and Poetry.”
During the past year 124 persons borrowed 4,853 slides from the lending collection, which contains more than 10,000 slides.
Two additional 16-mm. prints of the film “The National Gallery of Art” were made. Seven prints are now available for circulation. The film was lent 73 times during the year. Two sets of 2-x-2’’-size slides, and one set of standard-size slides of the “Christmas Story in Art,” a mimeographed lecture illustrated by 34 slides, were available for circulation. These were in constant use during the Christmas season.
The monthly Calendar of Events announcing all the Gallery activ- ities, including notices of exhibitions, new publications, lectures, gallery talks, tours, and concerts, was mailed to more than 4,000 persons.
LIBRARY
Books, pamphlets, periodicals, and subscriptions purchased out of the fund presented to the National Gallery of Art by Paul Mellon _ totaled 438 during the fiscal year 1952. Gifts included 285 books and pamphlets, while 614 books, etc., were received on exchange from other
38 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
institutions. In addition 264 photographs of works of art were re- ceived on exchange. A total of 301 copies of the illustrated catalog of “Paintings and Sculpture from the Kress Collection,” and 299 copies of the catalog “Renaissance Bronzes from the Kress Collection” were sent on exchange to other museums. The Library is the deposi- tory for photographs of the works of art in the collections of the National Gallery of Art. A stock of reproductions is maintained for use in research occupations by the curatorial and other departments of the Gallery ; for the dissemination of knowledge to qualified sources; for exchange with other art institutions; for publicity; and for sale at the request of any interested individual.
The photographic collection has grown with new bequests and loans made to the National Gallery of Art during the year. A sub- stantial addition has occurred in the instance of the new loans from Chester Dale. The photographic file continues to present a complete pictorial record for reference to all the objects in the Gallery as well as to provide limited quantities of 8-x-10’’ prints for distribution.
During the year 641 persons other than the Gallery staff used the Library for research.
INDEX OF AMERICAN DESIGN
During the fiscal year 1952 a total of 9 new exhibits containing 396 renderings were completed. Permission was granted for the repro- duction of 183 plates, while 743 photographs were distributed for use by designers, possible publication, research, study, and publicity. A total of 1,016 slides were circulated and several designs from the Index were adapted for commercial use on drapery material, furni- ture, and playing cards. The entire collection of 1,666 2-x-2’’ color slides was organized into 20 loan sets and 1 miscellaneous group for loan to individual lecturers, museums, schools, and colleges.
MAINTENANCE OF THE BUILDING AND GROUNDS
The usual work in connection with the care and maintenance of the building, its mechanical equipment, and the grounds was continued throughout the year. Considerable redecorating was done, including the painting of several galleries and offices. Flowering and foliage plants, totaling in number 5,869 and valued at approximately $7,700, were grown in the moats and were used for decoration in the garden courts throughout the year.
The lawn-sprinkler system was extended to include several grass areas between Constitution Avenue and the sidewalk adjacent thereto.
During the winter months, all the refrigeration machines were given an annual overhauling which included the balancing of the rotors, the cleaning and testing of new parts, and the necessary repairs in
SECRETARY’S REPORT 39
order to place them in condition for the summer months. During the process laboratory tests revealed that two of the machines needed certain replacements. This condition was called to the attention of the manufacturers, and the Gallery was informed by them on June 20, 1952, as well as by the Vermilya-Brown Co., that the condition was serious and it would be necessary to replace the condensers, com- pressors, and coolers in all three machines, Estimates obtained indicated that this work would cost about $187,500. ‘These funds were made available in a supplemental appropriation bill by the Eighty- second Congress for use for this purpose during the fiscal year 1953.
Two sections of skylight, representing an area of approximately 850 square feet, were completely overhauled, and this work of skylight repair is being continued.
The American District Telegraph Co.’s automatic fire-alarm sys- tem was extended to the two storage areas on the 81-foot level north and south of the rotunda.
The Gallery’s staff did a considerable amount of work in connection with the new storage vault, especially in the installation of steel storage
racks. CONSTRUCTION OF NEW GALLERIES
Work under the contract entered into on July 31, 1950, for the con- struction of galleries 35, 354, 40, 41, and 41A in the southwest end of the building was completed in January 1952. Private funds were made available for this purpose.
CONSTRUCTION OF STORAGE FACILITIES
The completion of the work under the contract entered into March 1, 1951, for building a storage room adjacent to the Gallery building in the southeast moat, has been delayed because of the difficulty en- countered in obtaining certain materials called for in the specifications, and it is now anticipated that this project will be completed late in the summer of 1952.
Work under the contract entered into on March 2, 1951, to build a storage building and reconstruct a cottage on the site of Randolph- Macon Woman’s College, Lynchburg, Va., was completed in April 1952. Both of these projects were made possible by private funds donated for these purposes.
OTHER ACTIVITIES
A total of 43 Sunday evening concerts were given during the fiscal year in the West Garden Court. The National Gallery Orchestra, under the direction of Richard Bales, played 11 concerts at the Gallery
236639—53——4
40 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
with 4 additional performances in Charlottesville and Middleburg, Va. Two of the orchestral concerts at the Gallery were made possible by the Music Performance Trust Fund of the American Federation of Musicians. The orchestra also gave two children’s concerts at the Corcoran Gallery of Art. During April the Sunday evenings were devoted to the Gallery’s Ninth Annual American Music Festival, featuring 34 works by 15 American composers. Most of the concerts were broadcast in their entirety by Station WCFM, Washington, and those of the National Gallery Orchestra and the American Music Festival were carried by the Continental FM Network. The Na- tional Gallery Orchestra made two long-playing records, one of which was selected by the New York Times for its list of outstanding record- ings of the year 1951. During August and September 1951 the Na- tional Gallery Orchestra played the first regular series of symphonic music on television as part of the NBC “Heritage” programs of art and music originating in the Gallery. This was selected by the New York Times as the finest serious music program of 1951 on television.
The photographic laboratory of the Gallery produced 14,028 prints, 390 black-and-white slides, and 928 color slides during the fiscal year, in addition to 8,214 negatives, as well as X-rays, infrared, and ultra- violet photographs.
During the fiscal year 1952, a total of 2,698 press releases were issued with respect to Gallery activities, while 161 permits to copy paintings, and 240 permits to photograph in the Gallery were issued.
OTHER GIFTS
Gifts of books on works of art and related material were made to the Gallery by Paul Mellon and others. Gifts of money were made during the fiscal year 1952 by the A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, the Avalon Foundation, and the Old Dominion Foundation. An additional cash bequest was received from the estate of the late William Nelson Cromwell.
AUDIT OF PRIVATE FUNDS OF THE GALLERY
An audit of the private funds of the Gallery has been made for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1952, by Price, Waterhouse & Co., public accountants, and the certificate of that company on its examination of the accounting records maintained for such funds will be forwarded to the Gallery.
Respectfully submitted.
Huntineton Carns, Secretary. Tue SECRETARY, Smithsonian Institution.
APPENDIX 3
Report on the National Collection of Fine Arts
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the activities of the National Collection of Fine Arts for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1952:
THE SMITHSONIAN ART COMMISSION
The twenty-ninth annual meeting of the Smithsonian Art Commis- sion was held in the Regents’ Room of the Smithsonian Building on Tuesday, December 4, 1951. ‘The members present were: Paul Man- ship, chairman; Alexander Wetmore, secretary (member, ex oflicio) ; Robert Woods Bliss, Gilmore D. Clarke, George H. Edgell, David E. Finley, George Hewitt Myers, Archibald Wenley, Lawrence Grant White, Andrew Wyeth, and Mahonri Young. Thomas M. Beggs, Director, National Collection of Fine Arts, and Paul V. Gardner, curator of ceramics, National Collection of Fine Arts, were also present.
The Commission recommended the reelection of George H. Edgell, Lloyd Goodrich, and Lawrence Grant White for the usual 4-year period. As James E. Fraser had been unable to attend the meetings for several years, his status was changed to that of member emeritus. The secretary was instructed to send a letter on behalf of the Com- mission expressing thanks for Mr. Fraser’s services and a desire for his presence at its future meetings. The Commission recommended to the Board of Regents the appointment of Walker Hancock to membership.
The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: Paul Manship, chairman; Robert Woods Bliss, vice chairman, and Dr. Alexander Wetmore, secretary. ‘The following were elected members of the executive committee for the ensuing year: David E. Finley, chairman, Robert Woods Bliss, Gilmore D. Clarke, and George Hewitt Myers. Paul Manship, as chairman of the Commission, and Dr. Alexander Wetmore, as secretary of the Commission, are ex officio members of the executive committee.
Mr. Beggs reported that gifts received during 1951 include a fund established by Mrs. Laura Dreyfus-Barney for the purpose of main- taining a lending collection to advance the appreciation and creation
-of art throughout the United States. The capital of $15,000 is to
41
42 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
be increased during the next 3 years by annual additions of $5,000. Ultimately the fund will help substantially the National Collection of Fine Arts in carrying out the authorization in its act of estab- lishment for the circulation of traveling exhibitions.
The Barney fund, in conjunction with a grant made last June by the Department of State for the assembling of 12 exhibitions to be sent to West Germany and Austria, has permitted the Institution to obtain the services of Mrs. John A. Pope and Miss Gladys E. Acton, who will handle, under the direction of the National Collection of Fine Arts, the details of the new Smithsonian Traveling Exhibition Service. With the National Gallery of Art and the Freer Gallery of Art serving as national repositories for rare and valuable paintings, sculptures, and art objects of the best periods of European and oriental art, it is now the acknowledged responsibility of the National Collection of Fine Arts to encourage contemporary art and artists.
The Commission accepted the following objects for the National Collection of Fine Arts:
Oil, Nancy, by George DeForest Brush, N. A. (1855-1941). Henry Ward Ranger bequest.
Oil, The Figurine, by William M. Paxton, N. A. (1869-1941). Henry Ward Ranger bequest.
Two sculptures, Baboon (in limestone) and Antelope (in black Belgian marble), by Bessie S. Callender (1889-1951). Gift of her husband, Harold Callender.
Three pieces of modern glass, Tritonschale and Meerweibachale, both engraved, ce. 1875, Austrian, made by Lobmeyer Factory, and an enameled perfume bottle, designed by Emile Gallé. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Hugh J. Smith, Jr.
Five prize-winning pieces of ceramics from the Second Annual Exhibition of Ceramic Art, 1951: Large bowl, black glaze, by Mary Tilton Brammell; small rice bowl, brushwork, by Kathleen P. Lewis; stoneware bowl, green glaze, by Helen O’Brien; bowl, brown glaze, by Lisle Pursel; and jug with stopper, by Alta ©. Fuller. Gift of the Kiln Club.
Miniature, water color on ivory, The Last Harl of Glencairn, by an undeter- mined artist. Gift of William Mouat Hannay.
THE CATHERINE WALDEN MYER FUND
Eight miniatures, water color on ivory, were acquired from the fund established through the bequest of the late Catherine Walden Myer, as follows:
79. Miss Margaret Liddell, by Nathaniel Plimer; from Edmund Bury, Phila- delphia, Pa.
80. William Lumpas, by undetermined artist; from Miss Jennie E. Doolittle, Washington, D. C.
81. Gentleman in Red Coat, attributed to Gervase Spencer.
82. Gentleman with a Black Coat, attributed to John Thomas Barber Beaumont.
83. James Wilson (1742-98), Signer of the Declaration of Independence, by undetermined artist; from T. R. Montgomery, Chagrin Falls, Ohio, and brothers.
SECRETARY'S REPORT 43
84. Ed Scarlett, by James Scouler.
85. Mrs. John Jorden, Jr., by J. Henry Brown.
86. Unknown Woman, by undetermined artist.
Nos. 81 and 82 were acquired from Dr. Daniel B. Kirby, New York, N. Y., and Nos. 84, 85, and 86 were acquired from Dorsey Griffith, New Market, Md., through Ruel P. Tolman, Washington, D. C.
STUDY COLLECTION
A cameo glass vase, designed by Emile Gallé, France, 1895, the gift of Mr. and Mrs. Hugh J. Smith, Jr., was added to the study collection.
LOANS ACCEPTED
Twenty-two pieces of modern glass were lent by Mr. and Mrs. Hugh J. Smith, Jr., Scarsdale, N. Y., as follows: 7 French, 1 Finnish, 1 Dutch, 3 Swedish, and 4 American, on November 20, 1951; 4 Swedish on December 27, 1951, and 2 Swedish on March 17, 1952.
A jeweled collar of gold, designed with peacock-feather motif, and executed by Mellerio, Paris, was lent by Natalie Clifford Barney and Laura Dreyfus-Barney on June 13, 1952.
LOANS TO OTHER MUSEUMS AND ORGANIZATIONS
Two oils, At Nature’s Mirror, by Ralph A. Blakelock, and Moon- light, by Albert P. Ryder, were lent to the National Academy of Design, to be included in the exhibition American Tradition, 1800- 1900, from December 2 to 23, 1951. (Returned January 3, 1952.)
Three oils, A Gentlewoman, Upland Pasture, and Portrait of Wyatt Eaton, by J. Alden Weir, were lent to the American Academy of Arts and Letters, for an exhibition during February and March 1952. (Returned April 8, 1952.)
Oil, At Nature’s Mirror, by Ralph A. Blakelock, was lent to the American Federation of Arts, for their traveling show, the American Tradition, 1800-1900, on February 12, 1952.
Oil, Georgia Pines, by George Inness, was lent to The White House on March 18, 1952, for a period not to exceed 4 years.
Three oils, Indian Summer, by John Francis Murphy; Spring, by Alexander H. Wyant; and Portrait of John Tyler, by G. P. A. Healy, were lent to the Bureau of the Budget on March 18, 1952, for a period not to exceed 4 years.
Five oils, portraits of members of the National Academy of Sci- ences: Louis Agassiz, by Walter Ingalls; Joseph Henry, by Walter Ingalls; Spencer F. Baird, by Henry Ulke; Charles D. Walcott, by Hattie Burdette, and Charles G. Abbot, by Samantha L. Huntley, - were lent to the National Academy of Sciences on April 25, 1952, for a period of 4 years.
44 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
Two oils, portraits of Maj. Gen. Henry Tureman Allen and Maj. Gen. Robert Lee Bullard, by Seymour M. Stone, were lent to the De- partment of the Army on May 23, 1952, for a period not to exceed 4 years.
WITHDRAWALS BY OWNERS
One pastel painting, The Tennessee Madonna, by James Ross Bry- son, lent by Mrs. B. S. Williams in 1931, was withdrawn by the owner on November 23, 1951, and delivered to the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception, Washington, D. C.
Two panels of stained glass, Dante and Beatrice, designed and executed by William Willet, were withdrawn by the artist’s daughter, Mrs. Thomas H. English, Atlanta, Ga., on March 17, 1952.
Eighteen pieces of ceramics and one teakwood stand were with- drawn by Mrs. H. Foster Bain and shipped to the University of Nevada, Reno, Nev., on June 16, 1952.
One oil painting, portrait of Sr. Benito Judrez, by Tom Lea, lent by the State Department in 1949, was returned to the Blair Lee House on June 16, 1952.
SMITHSONIAN LENDING COLLECTION
Fifty-four paintings in oil, by Edwin Scott (1863-1929) , were added to the Alice Pike Barney Memorial Collection presented last year to the Smithsonian Institution by Natalie Clifford Barney and Laura Dreyfus-Barney, as the nucleus of a loan collection for the embellish- ment of Federal buildings, museums, libraries, colleges, and other educational institutions in this country.
One oil painting, Early New Mexican Village (probably Lemitar), by an undetermined artist, transferred from the Bureau of American Ethnology, was lent to the Museum of New Mexico Art Gallery, Santa Fe, through Senator Clinton P. Anderson, Regent of the Smith- sonian Institution, February 27, 1952, for an indefinite period.
Ten paintings by Alice Pike Barney (1860-1931) were lent to the Prairie View Agricultural and Mechanical College, Prairie View, Tex., on February 27, 1952, for a special exhibition. (Returned June 3, 1952.)
Fourteen paintings (12 by Alice Pike Barney, 1 by E. Ray, and 1 by A. Kinder) were lent to Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa., on June 16, 1952, for special exhibition.
One oil painting, Small Port, Puerto Montt, by Arturo Pacheco Altamirano, the gift of the people of Chile to the United States through Sefior Felix Nieto del Rio, the Chilean Ambassador, after its initial exhibition of 5 months in the lobby of the Natural History Building, was lent to Lehigh University, June 23, 1952, for a period of six months.
SECRETARY'S REPORT 45
Eleven paintings by Alice Pike Barney were lent to the Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, Ohio, June 25, 1952, for a special exhibition.
ALICE PIKE BARNEY MEMORIAL FUND
An addition of $5,000 to the fund established in 1951 by Miss Natalie Clifford Barney and Mrs. Laura Dreyfus-Barney, in memory of their mother, for the purpose of encouraging the appreciation and creation of art in the United States, was received in January 1992.
THE HENRY WARD RANGER FUND
According to a provision in the Ranger bequest that paintings pur- chased by the Council of the National Academy of Design from the fund provided by the Henry Ward Ranger bequest and assigned to American art institutions may be claimed during the 5-year period beginning 10 years after the death of the artist represented, two paintings, listed earlier in this report, were recalled and accepted by the Smithsonian Art Commission at its meeting December 4, 1951.
The following paintings, purchased by the Council of the National Academy of Design in 1951, have been assigned as follows:
Title and Artist Assignment 126. New Lebanon Railroad Station, by Art Museum, New Britain, Conn.
Louis Bouche, N. A. 127. The City—No. 2, by Raphael Gleits- Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts,
mann. Syracuse, N, Y. 128. Harbor, by Xavier Gonzélez____-_______ Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Wash. 129. Four Houses, by Antonio P. Martini, Randolph-Macon College, Lynch- N. A. burg, Va. 130. Night, by Albert John Pucci_-__.___--_- Museum of Art, University of
Kansas, Lawrence, Kans.
131. Paris, by William A. Smith, A. N. A-__. Florida Southern College, Lakeland, Fla.
182. Farm in Essex, by Gifford Beal, N. A-_ Isaac Delgado Museum of Art, New Orleans, La.
133. Nine men, by Joseph Hirsch_--__--_~- Dallas Art Association, Dallas Mu- seum of Fine Arts, Dallas, Tex.
134, Rabbit Island, Hawaii, by Millard Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa.
Sheets, N. A.
135. Blacksmith Shop, by John Alonzo ‘The Brick Store Museum, Kenne- Williams, N. A. bunk, Maine.
136. Chimney Beams, by Andrew Wyeth, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washing- N. A. ton, D. C.
REFERENCE LIBRARY
In all, 230 publications (158 volumes and 72 pamphlets) were ac- cessioned during the year; 527 parts of periodicals were entered in the periodical record, and 17 volumes and 18 pamphlets (serials) _were entered in the catalog. The total accessions in the National Collection of Fine Arts library now number 12,252.
46 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
On April 23, 1952, Anna Moore Link, librarian since 1942, was reassigned to duty in the reference and circulation section of the Smithsonian Library.
INFORMATION SERVICE
In addition to the many requests for information received by mail and telephone, inquiries made in person at the office numbered 1,856. Examination was made of 878 works of art submitted for identifica- tion.
Members of the staff performed numerous services for local and national art or civic organizations by giving talks on various art subjects and by judging current exhibitions of art and craft work.
SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS
Ten special exhibitions were held during the year:
August 30 through September 23, 1951.—The Second Annual Exhibition of Ceramic Art by the Kiln Club of Washington, D. C., consisting of 145 pieces by local ceramic artists and 40 pieces by outstanding artists in this and other countries, lent by the artists themselves or by embassies and collectors. Demon- strations of pottery-making using the potter’s wheel were given several times each week by club members. A catalog was privately printed.
August 30 through September 28, 1951.—The Fourth Annual Exhibition of Sculpture by the Washington Sculptors Group, consisting of 21 pieces of sculp- ture. Gallery talks on sculptural methods and techniques were periodically given by members of the group.
November 4 through 25, 1951.—The Fourteenth Metropolitan State Art Con- test, held under the auspices of the District of Columbia Chapter, American Artists Professional League, assisted by the Entre Nous Club, consisting of 396 paintings, sculpture, prints, ceramics, and metalcraft. A catalog was privately printed.
January 10 through February 27, 1952.—An exhibition of Art and Magic of Arnhem Land, Australia, consisting of 212 specimens obtained by the National Geographic Society, Smithsonian Institution, and Commonwealth of Australia Expedition in 1948.
March 7% through 28, 1952—The Sixtieth Annual Exhibition of the Society of Washington Artists, consisting of 86 paintings and 21 pieces of sculpture. A catalog was privately printed.
April 5 through 27, 1952.—Biennial Art Exhibition of the National League of American Pen Women, consisting of 222 paintings, sculpture, prints, ceramics, and metaleraft. A catalog was privately printed.
May 4 through 30, 1952.—The Nineteenth Annual Exhibition of the Miniature Painters, Sculptors and Gravers Society of Washington, D. C., consisting of 209 examples. <A catalog was privately printed.
May 15 through $0, 1952.—The Fifty-fifth Annual Exhibition of the Washing- ton Water Color Club, consisting of 156 water colors, etchings, and drawings. A catalog was privately printed.
June 5 through 26, 1952.—Exhibition of Finnish Arts and Crafts held under the patronage of His Excellency, the Finnish Envoy to Washington, Minister Johan Nykopp, and the Finnish-American Society of Helsinki, consisting of
SECRETARY’S REPORT 47
208 paintings, prints, sculpture, ceramics, and rugs. A catalog was privately printed.
June 5 through 26, 1952—Under the same patronage, and concurrent with the above, an exhibition was shown of 10 portrait busts and figure sculpture, by Kalervo Kallio, a Washington resident from Finland. A catalog was privately printed.
Respectfully submitted. Tuomas M. Bercos, Director.
Dr. A. WETMORE, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution,
APPENDIX 4
Report on the Freer Gallery of Art
Sir: I have the honor to submit the thirty-second annual report on the Freer Gallery of Art for the year ended June 30, 1952.
THE COLLECTIONS
Additions to the collections by purchase were as follows:
51.18.
51.19.
52.1.
51.8.
51.17,
52.2.
52.7.
51.9.
BRONZE
Chinese, Shang dynasty (ca. 1766-1122 B. C.). A ceremonial vessel of the type ku. Design cast in high and low relief. Inside the base is cast a one-character inscription. 0.326 x 0.191.
Chinese, Shang dynasty (ca. 1766-1122 B. C.). A ceremonial vessel of the type tsun, round with widely flaring lip, bulging belly, and high flaring foot. Decoration cast in high and low relief. Two-character inscription cast inside base. 0.366 x 0.374.
Egyptian, Copto-Arabic, A. D. 8th—9th century. Incense burner in form of a square, five-domed structure resting on four feet, with @ jour decoration and handle. 0.315 x 0.212 x 0.408
METALWORK
Persian (Tabaristan), Seljuk period, A. D. 11th century. Silver candle- stick decorated with repoussé and engraved designs and Arabic inscrip- tions in kifi script. 0.571 x 0.570.
Persian (Khurisin), Seljuk period, A. D. 12th century, late. Brass candle- stick decorated with repoussé and engraved designs, also inlaid with silver, copper, and pitch. 0.403 x 0.477. (Illustrated.)
PAINTING
Indian, Mughal, about A. D. 1600. A Mongol chieftain with attendants; color and gold on paper; Persian verse in nasta‘lig, orange paper border with gold animal and colored bird drawings; on reverse, four nasta‘liq panels and border with tinted figures. 0.423 x 0.265 over all.
Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 1368-1644). Scroll painting by Wang Fu dated in correspondence with 15 June 1410. Bamboos in ink on paper; 43 seals and 1 inscription on painting, 32 seals and 11 inscriptions on mounting. 0.261 x 8.470.
POTTERY
Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 1868-1644). Jar of the type cha-tou; white porcelain decorated with dragons and floral scrolls in underglaze blue. Four-character mark of the Chéng-té period (1506-1521) on base. 0.125 x 0.154.
48
51.10. 51.11.
51.12.
51.13.
51.14.
51.15.
51.16.
51.20.
52.3.
52.4.
52.5.
52.6.
52.8.
52.9.
SECRETARY’S REPORT 49
Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 1368-1644). Pair of dishes with plain flaring rims; white porcelain decorated in underglaze blue with “the three friends’ inside and garden scenes with figures outside. Six- character marks of the Ch‘éng-hua period (1465-1487) on both bases. 0.043 x 0.201.
Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 1868-1644), second half of the 15th century. Jar of the type cha-tou; white porcelain decorated with fruiting and flowering branches in underglaze blue. 0.108 x 0.149. _ (Illustrated.)
Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 1368-1644). Dish with foliate sides and flaring rim; white porcelain decorated with 1 large dragon inside and 10 small dragons outside. Six-character mark of the Hsiian-té period (1425-1436) on base. 0.048 x 0.213.
Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 1368-1644), early 15th century. Bowl with plain straight rim; white porcelain decorated in underglaze blue with flowers and fruit inside and plain dark petals outside. 0.100 x 0.210.
Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 1368-1644), 15th century. Tankard with bulbous body, 16-sided neck and attached handle; white porcelain deco- rated with floral scrolls in underglaze blue. 0.140 x 0.128.
Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 1368-1644). Stem cup with plain straight rim; white porcelain decorated in underglaze blue and overglaze tow-ts‘at enamels. Six-character mark of the Ch‘éng-hua period (1465-1487) in horizontal line on base. 0.080 x 0.063.
Chinese, Sung dynasty (A. D. 960-1279). Lung-ch‘tan tripod of the type hakamagoshi koro; gray porcelain with even, sea-green, celadon glaze. 0.104 x 0.140.
Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 13868-1644). Dish with plain flaring rim; white porcelain decorated with dragons incised in the paste under a solid deep blue glaze. Six-character mark of the Chia-ching period (1522- 1566) in underglaze blue on base. 0.045 x 0.250.
Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 1868-1644), second half of the 15th century. Bowl with plain, slightly flaring rim; white porcelain decorated with “the three friends” inside and landscape with figures outside, all in underglaze blue. 0.095 x 0.204.
Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 1368-1644), early 15th century. Vase of the type mei-p‘ing; white porcelain decorated with floral scrolls in under- glaze cobalt blue. 0.248 x 0.152.
Chinese, Ming dynasty (A. D. 1868-1644). Bowl with plain rim and thick sides; white porcelain decorated with underglaze cobalt blue; inside plain, outside with six sprays of fruits and flowers; six-character mark of the Hsiian-té period (1426-1435) in a single horizontal line below the rim. 0.096 x 0.261.
Chinese, Sung dynasty (A. D. 960-1279). Cup of southern kuan ware with horizontal! foliate flange on one side above a small loop handle; even, light grayish-brown glaze with deepirregularcrackle. 0.045x0.109 over all.
Chinese, Sung dynasty (A. D. 960-1279). Tea bowl of chien type with metal rim; coarse, dark reddish-brown stoneware with thick, black glaze closely streaked with silvery iridescence, rusty brown nearrim. 0.071 x 0.124.
52.10. Chinese, Han dynasty (207 B. C.—A. D. 220). Large jar with wide belly
and small mouth of the hard, dark-gray ware called ‘“‘proto-porcelain”’ ; decorated with incised designs under a thin, transparent, olive-green glaze, animal-mask handles and horizontal bands in relief; remains of an inscription in red on a gesso-like ground over the glaze. 0.329 x 0.382.
50 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
SCULPTURE
51.21. Japanese, Suiko period, A. D. 7th century, middle. Gilt bronze figure of a Bodhisattva standing on a lotus pedestal. 0.338 x 0.113. (Tllustrated.)
REPAIRS TO THE COLLECTION
Cleaning and restoration of 12 American paintings were completed by John and Richard Finlayson of Boston.
CHANGES IN EXHIBITIONS
Changes in exhibitions totaled 198 as follows:
American art:
Oipaintinest ase Ole Se A ee ee ee 70
PSUS ES a a ee ee 30
Silverpomts {22225 228 eee Be se See Se eren see Mernee en eee 2
Water Colorse se ee See ee ee ee ee aus Chinese art:
Paintings? - eee eee eee 50
IPOttelYy fe os re ee eS ee ee 2 Egyptian art:
Crystal 23. 8 ee ie ee ee ee 1 Persian art:
MC Gali OT eee ee a aS ee ne reraiebai (| Veneto-Islamie art:
Metalwork 0 ee a ee, ee ee 1
LIBRARY
Accession of books, pamphlets, periodicals, rubbings, and photo- graphs totaled 775 pieces; and additional study materials included a stone implement and several hundred pottery shards. Cataloging of all kinds, including cards typed and filed, covered 4,688 items, while 9 bibliographies were prepared in reply to letters and 140 bibliographic entries were made on Gallery folder sheets. A total of 567 items were bound, labeled, repaired, or mounted. The card catalog was revised to facilitate reference to analytical material shelved in the Periodical Room. Work on the indexing of both the English and Japanese editions of the Japanese periodical Kokka continued. The establish- ment of the technical research laboratory with its specialized library and new field of subject headings and bibliography problems has increased and broadened the work of the library.
PUBLICATIONS
One publication of the Gallery was issued during the year:
Title page and contents, Occasional Papers, vol. I, 1951. (Smithsonian Publica- tion 4049.)
SECRETARY’S REPORT 51
Papers by staff members in outside publications were as follows:
ETTINGHAUSEN, RicHARD: Islamic art and archaeology. In “Near Eastern Culture and Society,” edited by T. Cuyler Young; pp. 17-47, figs. 1-25. Princeton University Press, 1951.
_ The “beveled style’ in the post-Samarra period. In “Archaeologica
Orientalia in Memoriam Ernst Herzfeld,’ edited by George C. Miles; pp.
72-88, pls. 9-16. Locust Valley, N. Y., 1952.
. [Contributor to] Bibliography of periodical literature on the Near and
Middle East, vols. 19-22. The Middle East Journal, 1951-52.
. Ars Islamica-Ars Orientalis. Ars Islamica, vols. 15-16, pp. vii-viii,
1951.
_In memoriam: Ernst Herzfeld, with supplementary bibliography. Ars
Islamica, vols. 15-16, pp. 261-267, 1951.
_In memoriam: Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy. Ars Islamica, vols.
15-16, p. 259, 1951.
. Islamic metalwork in the British Museum, by D. Barrett (review). Ars Islamica, vols. 15-16, pp. 255-257, 1951.
GeTrens, R. J.: Principles in the conservation of mural paintings. In “Wssays on Archaeological Methods,” edited by James B. Griffin; pp. 59-72. Uni- versity of Michigan Press, 1951.
. The bleaching of stained and discoloured pictures on paper with sodium chloride and chlorine dioxide. Museum, vol. 5, No. 2, 1952.
Porr, John A.: Archaeological research in Indo-China, vol. 2: The district of Chiu-Chén during the Han dynasty. Description and comparative study of the finds, by Olov R. T. Janse (review). Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vol. 14, Nos. 3, 4, pp. 637-644, Dec. 1951.
. The Princessehof Museum in Leeuwarden. Archives of the Chinese Art
Society of America, vol. 5, pp. 23-37, 8 pls., 1951.
. A potter’s portfolio, a selection of fine pots, by Bernard Leach (review).
New Republic, Apr. 21, 1952.
REPRODUCTIONS
During the year the photographic laboratory made 4,547 prints, 506 glass negatives, and 144 lantern slides.
BUILDING
The general condition of the building is good, both inside and out, and the maintenance and operation continue satisfactory; the mechanical equipment, though inadequate, continues in working order. A temporary painter again helped out with the most urgent work, but the lack of a full-time painter is reflected in the gradual deteriora- tion of the appearance of the exhibition galleries and other interior areas.
The major project of the cabinet shop was the completion and fur- nishing of the technical research laboratory begun last year. Both conventional and special equipment was installed to provide the
aecessary plumbing, ventilating, light, and power requirements; and
52 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
closet, bookcases, specimen cases, instrument cases, microscope table, and examining table were built and installed to meet the specifications of the associate in technical research.
Eight new exhibition cases are under construction, and miscella- neous odd jobs in care of office and Gallery equipment, crating, etc., continue as usual.
ATTENDANCE
The Gallery was open to the public from 9 to 4: 30 every day except Christmas Day. The total number of visitors to come in the main entrance was 74,940. The highest monthly attendance was in August, 10,714, and the lowest was in December, 2,507. There were 1,498 visitors to the office during the year.
HERZFELD ARCHIVE
Mrs. Charlotte Bradford, sister of the late Ernst Herzfeld, pre- sented to the Herzfeld Archive further manuscripts and notes pre- pared by Professor Herzfeld. The Herzfeld material continues to be used by experts in Near Eastern archeology throughout the world.
STAFF ACTIVITIES
The work of the staff members has been devoted to the study of new accessions, of objects contemplated for purchase, and of objects submitted for examination, as well as to individual research projects in the fields represented by the collections of Chinese, Japanese, Persian, Arabic, and Indian materials. Reports, oral or written, and exclusive of those made by the laboratory which are listed below, were made upon 4,385 objects as follows: belonging to private in- dividuals, 1,749; belonging to dealers, 485; belonging to other museums, 2,151. In all, 654 photographs of objects were examined and 504 oriental language inscriptions were translated for outside individuals and institutions. By request 10 groups totaling 857 per- sons met in the exhibition galleries for docent service by staff mem- bers; and 2 groups totaling 24 persons were given docent service in the study-storage rooms.
With the completion of the technical research laboratory and the appointment of Rutherford J. Gettens as associate in technical research, a new phase of Gallery activity was inaugurated. Its purpose is to carry on a continuing investigation of the methods and materials used by the artists and craftsmen in the ancient civili- zations represented by objects in the Gallery collections. The labora- tory was ready for occupancy in March, and Mr. Gettens carried out the installation of new equipment and materials, including a large
SECRETARY'S REPORT 53
binocular microscope on extendable arm, a chemical microscope, a metalographic microscope with vertical illuminator, and a photo- micrographic camera. Also included is a wide selection of standard chemical apparatus, reagents, and supplies, including ovens, furnaces, and equipment for glassworking and electrolysis. Reference files, technical library, and the collection of specimens of pigments, min- erals, polished metals, and microscopic slide mounts were put in order. Certain research projects were undertaken while the settle- ment was still in progress, and by the end of the fiscal year work had begun on the Gallery collections and 40 reports had been made on objects submitted for technical examination by outside individuals and institutions.
Dr. Ettinghausen continued his work abroad. Leaving Afghani- stan early in July, he spent 3 weeks in Pakistan and India and then returned to Iran for 5 weeks, during which time Mrs. Ettinghausen completed her photographic work on the Ardebil Chinese porcelains for Mr. Pope’s publication of the material he studied there in 1950. Continuing westward Dr. Ettinghausen spent 6 weeks in Turkey and 2 weeks each in Morocco and Spain, with shorter visits to Leba- non, Syria, Jordan, Greece, Tunisia, and Algeria on the way. He returned to the Gallery in December after an absence of 14 months during which he studied most of the important monuments of Islamic culture.
By invitation the following lectures were given outside the Gallery by staff members:
(1951
June 28. Dr. Httinghausen addressed a group from the press department of the Afghan Government and the Kabul Museum, Kabul, Afghanis- tan, on “Muslim Art in Western Eyes.” Attendance, 80.
Aug. 22. Dr. Ettinghausen addressed the Iran-America Society in the Cul- tural Center, Tehran, on “Persian Miniature Paintings.” (Illus- trated.) Attendance, 78.
Sept.18. Dr. Ettinghausen. as chairman of the first meeting of the section “General Islamie Art,” addressed the X XIId International Congress of Orientalists (Islamic section) at Istanbul, Turkey, on “Early Turkish Art from the Court of the Ghaznevids.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 35.
Oct. 4. Mr. Pope addressed members of the Arts Club, Washington, D. C., on “Chinese Porcelain.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 75.
Noy.19. Mr. Stern addressed the wives of members of the Officers’ Club, Andrews Air Force Base, Washington, D. C., on “A Survey of Japanese Art.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 16.
1952
Jan.17. Dr. Ettinghausen addressed members of the Board of Regents at the annual dinner, held at the Smithsonian Institution, on “Research in Art of the Moslem World.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 25.
54
1952 Feb. 4.
Mar. 12.
Apr. 15.
Apr. 17.
Apr. 21.
May 20.
May 21.
May 29.
ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
Mr. Gettens addressed members of the Cosmos Club on “Some Obser- vations on the Patina and Corrosion Products of Ancient Bronzes.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 50.
Mr. Pope addressed members of the Questers at luncheon in the Arts Club, Washington, D. C., on “Mr. Freer and His Collections.” Attendance, 25.
Dr. Ettinghausen addressed members of the Oriental Institute in Chicago on “Islamic Manuscripts and Miniatures.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 90.
Dr. Ettinghausen addressed members of the Department of Near Eastern Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., on “Islamic Art; The Book.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 90.
Dr. Ettinghausen addressed members of the Department of Near Eastern Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., on “Islamic Art; The Mosque.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 30.
Mr. Stern addressed members of the Takoma Park Women’s Club on “Survey of Japanese Art.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 25.
Dr. Ettinghausen addressed members and guests of the Middle East Institute and Oriental Club, Washington. D. C., on “Travels in Afghanistan and India.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 120.
Dr. Ettinghausen addressed members and guests of the Middle Hast Institute and Oriental Club, Washington, D. C., on “Travels in Afghanistan and India.” (Illustrated.) Attendance, 90.
During the year five members of the staff made a total of 14 trips outside of Washington on official business.
Members of the staff held honorary posts and undertook additional duties outside the Gallery as follows:
Mr. Wenley: Member, visiting committee, Dumbarton Oaks Research
Mr. Pope:
Library and Collection.
Research professor of oriental art, University of Michigan.
Trustee, Hermitage Foundation, Norfolk, Va.
Chairman of the Louise Wallace Hackney scholarship com- mittee of the American Oriental Society.
Member, Smithsonian Art Commission.
Trustee, Textile Museum of the District of Columbia.
Member of the Board of United States Civil Service Examiners at Washington, D. C., for the Smithsonian Institution.
President, Far Eastern Ceramic Group.
Art editor, Far Eastern Quarterly.
President, Washington Society, Archaeological Institute of America.
Member, two advisory selection committees for Fulbright awards in fine arts and architecture, under the Conference Board of Associated Research Councils.
Served as one of the judges at the Second Annual Hxhibi- tion of Ceramic Art, Kiln Club of Washington, D. C., held at the Smithsonian Institution, National Collection of Fine Arts, on August 28, 1951.
Secretary's Report, 1952.—Appendix 4 PLATE 1
51.21
ReEcENnT ADDITION TO THE CoLLECTION OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ArT
Secretary's Report, 1952.—Appendix 4 PLATE 2
51.17
Recent AppDITIONS TO THE COLLECTION OF THE FREER GALLERY OF ART
SECRETARY’S REPORT 55
Dr. Ettinghausen: Research professor of Islamic art, University of Michigan,
Editor, Ars Islamica.
Editor, A Selected and Annotated Bibliography of Books and Periodicals in Western Languages Dealing with the Near and Middle East with Special Emphasis on Medieval and Modern Times; to be published under the auspices of the American Council of Learned Societies.
Member, editorial board, the Art Bulletin.
Trustee, American research center in Egypt.
Member, Comitato Internazionale di Patronato, Museo In- ternazionale delle Ceramiche, Faenza, Italy.
Chairman, Persian and Islamic section Twenty-second Inter- national Congress of Orientalists, Istanbul, Sept. 15-22, 1951.
Chairman, Islamic Session, Twenty-second International Congress of Orientalists, Istanbul, Sept. 18, 1951.
Member, editorial advisory committee, Archaeologica Ori- entalia in Memoriam Ernst Herzfeld.
Member, editorial advisory committee, Studies in Art and Literature in Honor of Belle DaCosta Greene.
Mr. Gettens: Associate editor, Studies in Conservation; new journal be- ing published for the International Institute for the Con- servation of Museum Objects.
Abstractor for Chemical Abstracts, American Chemical Society. Respectfully submitted. Joun A. Pops, Acting Director. Dr. A. WETMORE,
Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
286639—58——-5
APPENDIX 5 Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology
Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report on the field researches, office work, and other operations of the Bureau of Ameri- can Ethnology during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1952, conducted in accordance with the act of Congress of April 10, 1928, as amended August 22, 1949, which provides for continuing “independently or in cooperation anthropological researches among the American Indians and the natives of lands under the jurisdiction or protection of the United States and the excavation and preservation of archeologic remains.”
Information was furnished during the year by members of the Bureau staff in reply to numerous inquiries concerning the American Indians, past and present, of both continents. The increased number of requests from teachers of primary and secondary grades and from Scout organizations indicates a rapidly growing interest in the Ameri- can Indian. Various specimens sent to the Bureau were identified and data on them furnished for their owners.
SYSTEMATIC RESEARCHES
Dr. M. W. Stirling, Director of the Bureau, devoted most of his time during the fiscal year to administrative affairs and to the prep- aration of manuscript on previous field studies in Panama and southern México. During the year he prepared three reports for publication: “Stone Monuments of the Rio Chiquito, México,” “The Use of Jade in Aboriginal America,” and “An Archeological Survey of Southern Veracruz, Tabasco, and Northern Campeche.”
Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., Associate Director of the Bureau and Director of the River Basin Surveys, devoted most of his time dur- ing the year to the management and direction of the River Basin Sur- veys. In August he went to Lincoln, Nebr., to inspect the Missouri Basin headquarters. From Lincoln, accompanied by Paul L. Cooper, field director, he proceeded to the Fort Randall Reservoir area near Chamberlain, S. Dak., and visited a number of archeological sites that were being excavated by field parties of the River Basin Surveys and also the excavations being conducted by the Nebraska State Historical Society. He also took part in a conference on local archeological problems held at the field camp of the University of Kansas party
56
SECRETARY’S REPORT 57
which was excavating an Indian village site as part of the cooperative program of the National Park Service. From the Fort Randall area he proceeded to the Oahe Reservoir area north of Pierre, S. Dak., where he visited two River Basin Surveys excavating parties. From Pierre he proceeded to Cody, Wyo., in company with Dr. Waldo R. Wedel, curator of archeology, United States National Museum, to in- spect an archeological site on Sage Creek where remains of early man had been found. The purpose of that trip was to assist in planning a series of investigations to be carried on there during the field season of 1952 as a cooperative project between the Smithsonian Institution and Princeton University. Returning to Pierre, Dr. Roberts held a number of conferences with staff members to discuss the plans and operations of the salvage program in that area. During the fall and winter months he made several trips to the Missouri Basin headquar- ters at Lincoln. In March he went to Columbus, Ohio, and delivered a lecture on “Early Man in the New World” before the Ohio State Historical Society at the State museum. He returned to Columbus in May to attend the annual meeting of the Society for American Archae- ology and to take part in a symposium dealing with the carbon-14 method for dating archeological remains. During the year Dr. Roberts completed two manuscripts: “River Basin Surveys: The First Five Years of the Inter-Agency Archeological and Paleonto- logical Salvage Program” and “The Carbon-14 Method of Age Deter- mination,” both of which were published in the 1951 Smithsonian Annual Report. During the year Dr. Roberts received the Viking Fund Medal and Award of the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthro- pological Research for his work in American archeology.
Dr. Henry B. Collins, anthropologist, continued his research on the Eskimo and other Arctic activities. Through arrangements with the National Museum of Canada, his assistant of 1950, William E. Taylor, returned to Cornwallis Island in the Canadian Arctic for further excavations. Mr. Taylor’s collections, including Thule and Dorset culture materials, with notes and photographs, were received by Dr. Collins for inclusion in the final report on the Cornwallis Island work. Preliminary reports on the first two seasons’ excavations on Cornwallis Island were published in the annual reports of the National Museum of Canada for the fiscal years 1949-50 and 1950-51. A general article, “The Origin and Antiquity of the Eskimo,” summarizing the present evidence of archeology, physical anthropology, and linguistics, was published in the 1950 Smithsonian Annual Report. A paper on the present status of the Dorset culture, with special emphasis on new evidence from Greenland and Alaska, which was presented at the December 1951 meeting of the American Association for the Advance- ment of Science, will be included in a volume on American archeology
58 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
being published by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. At the meeting of the Society for American Archaeology in May 1952 Dr. Collins presented a paper summarizing and evaluating the results of radiocarbon dating in the Arctic in the light of the arche- ological evidence, and including an interpretation of the ancient Denbigh Flint Complex of Alaska, its Old World connections and age, and its relationships to Folsom, Yuma, and Eskimo. The paper will appear in the January issue of American Antiquity. An article on the progress of anthropology in 1951 was prepared for the Encyclo- paedia Britannica and another on the Races of Asia for the Ency- clopaedia Hebraica. He also edited Science in Alaska, a volume of selected papers presented at the First Alaskan Science Conference held in Washington in November 1950 under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council. The volume was published by the Arctic Institute of North America and contains papers on Alaskan anthropology, agriculture, botany, geology and geography, geophysics, meteorology, public health, and zoology. Dr. Collins continued to serve as chairman of the directing committee supervising preparation of Arctic Bibliography, a comprehensive, an- notated, and indexed bibliography of English and foreign-language publications in all fields of science relating to the Arctic and sub-Are- tic regions of America, Siberia, and Europe. The bibliography is being assembled by the Arctic Institute of North America under con- tract with the Office of Naval Research with funds from the Depart- ments of the Army and the Navy, and the Defense Research Board of Canada. At the end of the fiscal year material for a supplemental volume of about 900 pages was completed and ready for the printer. Proofreading continues on the initial six volumes of similar size now at the Government Printing Office.
At the beginning of the fiscal year Dr. John P. Harrington was in México engaged in studying the Maya language. On his return to Washington he completed the preparation of a grammar and dic- tionary of the Maya language, with the assistance of a Maya informant, Domingo Canton Aguilar, whom he brought to Washington for that purpose. He also completed a monograph on the numeration sys- tem of the Valladolid Maya Indians of Yucatan. Another paper he completed during the fiscal year was on the first vocabulary of the Virginia Indians, compiled by William Strachey in 1612. The original of this vocabulary is in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, England.
At the beginning of the fiscal year and until after Labor Day, Dr. William N. Fenton was visiting professor of anthropology at the University of Michigan. During his stay in Ann Arbor he examined important historical papers relating to the political history of the
SECRETARY'S REPORT 59
Six Nations, or Iroquois, in the William L. Clements Library of the University of Michigan. Returning to Washington in September, Dr. Fenton resumed his research at the Bureau of American Ethnol- ogy. He organized and conducted the Seventh Conference on Iro- quois Research held at Red House, N. Y., October 5-7. In November he participated in a symposium on the training of professional anthro- pologists, which was held on the occasion of the annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association. Late in November Dr. Fenton was called to the National Research Council to organize a national conference on disaster studies, in which he participated on December 6. He resigned his position with the Bureau to accept an appointment as executive secretary of the Division of Anthro- pology and Psychology at the National Research Council and began his duties on January 1, 1952.
Dr. Philip Drucker reported for duty as general anthropologist on January 8, 1952, immediately following his release to inactive duty by the United States Navy. On February 15 he proceeded to México D. F., for a period of 6 weeks, which he spent studying the large offering of artifacts of jade and similar materials excavated in 1941 at Cerro de las Mesas by the National Geographic-Smithsonian Institution archeological project. This collection is housed in the National Museum of Mexico. On his return to Washington he pre- pared a descriptive monograph on the collection, which was ready to be submitted to the Director of the Bureau at the end of the fiscal year. In addition, Dr. Drucker continued his studies of Meso-American archeology in general.
RIVER BASIN SURVEYS (Report prepared by FRANK H. H. Roserts, Jr.)
The River Basin Surveys, organized in the autumn of 1945 as a unit of the Bureau of American Ethnology to carry into effect a memo- randum of understanding between the Smithsonian Institution and the National Park Service, continued its operations throughout the year. The memorandum provides for the salvage of archeological and paleontological materials that would otherwise be lost as a resuit of numerous projects for flood control and irrigation, hydroelectric installations, and navigation improvements in the river basins of the United States. As in the past, the investigations were conducted in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior, the Corps of Engi- neers of the Department of the Army, and a number of nongovern- mental local institutions. The operations as a whole are called the Inter-Agency Archeological and Paleontological Salvage Program.
60 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
The work of the River Basin Surveys in the past fiscal year was financed by a transfer of $156,403 to the Smithsonian Institution by the National Park Service. Of that amount $120,783 was for investigations in the Missouri Basin and $35,620 was for all other areas where projects were under way. The money comprising those funds was derived in part from the Bureau of Reclamation and in part from the National Park Service. Carry-over of previous funds provided an additional $77,576 for the Missouri Basin and $350 for other areas. The total of all funds available for the year was $234,329. Because of a delay in the passage of the appropriation bill it was necessary to suspend operations outside the Missouri Basin during July and August.
Activities in the field consisted of reconnaissance or surveys for the purpose of locating archeological sites and paleontological deposits that will be involved in construction work or are so situated that they will be flooded, and in the excavation of sites observed and recorded by previous surveys. In contrast to former years there was greater emphasis on excavation. This was because of the fact that the survey parties were finally catching up with the over-all program and there were fewer proposed reservoir areas needing attention. Archeological survey parties visited 10 new reservoir basins located in 6 States and a paleontological party made preliminary investiga- tions at 6 reservoirs in 8 States. In addition a number of reservoirs where previous preliminary surveys had been made were revisited for further checking. At the end of the fiscal year excavations were completed or under way in 13 reservoir areas in 11 States. There were 22 excavating parties in the field during the course of the year. Six of the excavating projects were in areas where there had been no previous digging, but the remainder were a continuation of investi- gations at reservoir projects where there had been other operations. At the close of the fiscal year the total of the reservoir areas where archeological surveys had been made or excavations carried on since the start of the actual field work in the summer of 1946 was 2385 located in 25 States. The survey parties have located and reported 8,105 archeological sites, and of that number 578 have been recom- mended for excavation or limited testing. Preliminary appraisal reports were completed for all the reservoirs surveyed. Some, together with others finished near the end of the previous fiscal year, were mimeographed for limited distribution to the cooperating agencies. During the year 15 such reports were distributed, bring- ing to 149 the total issued since the start of the program. The discrepancy between the latter figure and the total number of reser- voirs is due to the fact that in some cases a series of reservoirs is included in a single report covering a subbasin, while in others the
SECRETARY’S REPORT 61
completed manuscripts had not yet been mimeographed at the close of the year. Excavations made during the year brought the total for reservoir basins where such work has been done to 88, located in 17 States. Reports on some of that work have been published in various scientific journals, and eight such papers are now in press as a Bulletin of the Bureau of American Ethnology. The technical reports on two other excavation projects have been finished. Paleon- tological surveys have been made in 121 reservoir areas, 86 of them being those where archeological work has also been done. Eventually the other 35 will be visited by archeological parties. The total of all reservoir basins surveyed, including those where archeological work still remains to be done, is 270.
As of June 30, 1952, the reservoir projects which had been surveyed for archeological remains were distributed by States as follows: California, 20; Colorado, 24; Georgia, 4; Idaho, 11; Illinois, 2; Towa, 3; Kansas, 7; Kentucky, 1; Louisiana, 1; Minnesota, 1; Mon- tana, 15; Nebraska, 28; New Mexico, 1; North Dakota, 18; Ohio, 2; Oklahoma, 7; Oregon, 27; Pennsylvania, 2; South Dakota, 9; Tennes- see, 1; Texas, 19; Virginia, 2; Washington, 11; West Virginia, 2; Wyoming, 21. Excavations have been made or were being made in reservoir areas in: California, 5; Colorado, 1; Georgia, 3; Kansas, 1; Montana, 1; Nebraska, 1; New Mexico, 1; North Dakota, 3; Okla- homa, 2; Oregon, 2; South Carolina, 1; South Dakota, 3; Texas, 7; Virginia, 1; Washington, 3; West Virginia, 1; Wyoming, 2. The foregoing figures refer only to the work of the River Basin Surveys or that which was done in direct cooperation with local institutions. Projects carried on by local institutions alone or in direct cooperation with the National Park Service are not included because complete information about them was not available.
Throughout the year the River Basin Surveys continued to recelve helpful cooperation from the National Park Service, the Bureau of Reclamation, the Corps of Engineers, and numerous State and local institutions. Ata number of projects guides and transportation were furnished to staff members in the field. ‘Temporary office and labora- tory space was provided at others, and on several occasions labor and mechanical equipment were made available by the construction agency. Such assistance speeded up the work of the field men and made pos- sible greater accomplishment than would otherwise have been the case. The National Park Service continued to serve as the liaison between the various agencies both in Washington and through its several regional offices and provided the Smithsonian Institution with necessary information about the locations for proposed dams and reservoirs and construction priorities. Furthermore, the National Park Service primarily was responsible for obtaining the funds which
62 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
made the operations possible. The progress of the program as a whole was greatly furthered by the enthusiastic help of Park Service personnel.
General direction and supervision of the work in California, Geor- gia, and Virginia were from the main office in Washington. In the Columbia Basin the program was directed from a field office and laboratory at Eugene, Oreg.; that in the Missouri Basin was under the supervision of a field office and laboratory at Lincoln, Nebr.; and that in Texas was under a field office and laboratory at Austin. The materials collected by the survey and excavating parties in those three areas were processed at the respective field laboratories. The collec- tions made in Georgia were processed at a laboratory in Athens.
At the end of the fiscal year a change was made in the plan of operations for the Inter-Agency Salvage Program. The work of the River Basin Surveys was terminated in the Columbia Basin and Pacific coast areas, in the Southwest including Texas, and in Georgia and other portions of the Southeast. With the beginning of the new fiscal year the direction and supervision of the investigations in those areas were to be under the National Park Service with its respective regional offices in direct charge. At the close of the year arrange- ments were being made to transfer certain of the River Basin Surveys’ personnel to the National Park Service and for the latter agency to take over the various field headquarters.
Washington office —Throughout the fiscal year the main headquar- ters of the River Basin Surveys continued under the direction of Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr. Carl F. Miller, Joseph R. Caldwell, and Ralph S. Solecki, archeologists, were based on that office. Because of lack of funds for work outside the Missouri Basin, however, Miller was assigned to the Missouri Basin project during July, August, and September, and Caldwell was on leave without pay until Septem- ber 10, 1952. Solecki was on leave of absence with an expedition to Iraq for most of the year, returning to duty with the surveys in May.
Mr. Miller’s activities in the Missouri Basin are discussed in that section of this report. During the fall and winter months at the Washington office he completed his technical paper on the excavations he supervised at the Allatoona Reservoir in Georgia during an earlier fiscal year and processed specimens from sites which he dug at the John H. Kerr (formerly called Buggs Island) Reservoir the latter part of the previous fiscal year. In May he returned to the John H. Kerr Reservoir area on the Roanoke River in southern Virginia and carried on test excavations at a number of sites. That work was completed on June 30 and Mr. Miller returned to Washington. The gates of the dam were scheduled to be closed early in July, and no further investigations are planned for that area.
SECRETARY'S REPORT 63
Early in August Mr. Caldwell received word that an important site located a short distance above the Clark Hill Dam on the Savan- nah River, Ga., would be inundated well in advance of the date originally indicated by the engineers. With funds provided by the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Georgia and with the help of the resident engineer of the Corps of Engineers, he started excavations on the 18th of the month and continued to dig until he and his party were driven out by water at the end of October. When Federal funds became available in September the River Basin Sur- veys took over the financing of the project. During January and Feb- ruary Mr. Caldwell carried on test excavations at the remains of Fort Charlotte at the upper end of the Clark Hill Reservoir in South Caro- lina. While at his headquarters at Athens, Mr. Caldwell completed five preliminary reports and made considerable progress on the final technical report of his part of the excavations at the Allatoona Reser- voir. The report on Fort Charlotte was mimeographed and ready for distribution at the close of the fiscal year. An article on work completed a previous fiscal year, “The Booger Bottom Mound: A Forsyth Period Site in Hall County, Ga.,” was published in Ameri- can Antiquity, volume 17, No. 4, April 1952. Mr. Caldwell’s employ- ment by the River Basin Surveys was terminated as of June 30, 1952, by his transfer to the National Park Service.
Dr. Theodore E. White, geologist, divided his time between the Washington office and the Missouri Basin. He spent the winter and early spring months in Washington cleaning, identifying, and cata- loging specimens he had collected during the field season. He also identified four lots of mammal bones from archeological excavations along the Columbia River, and four lots of bones from the Missouri Basin which were sent to Washington for that purpose. He com- pleted a manuscript, “Preliminary Analysis of the Vertebrate Fossil Fauna of the Canyon Ferry Reservoir Area,” which was accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, and two papers on observations on the butchering techniques of ab- original peoples as indicated by the bones from the refuse deposits at archeological sites. One paper, “Preliminary Analysis of the Verte- brate Fossil Fauna of the Boysen Reservoir Area,” was published in the Proceedings of the United States National Museum, volume 102, No. 3296, April 1952. Another, “Observations on the Butchering Technique of Some Aboriginal Peoples, I,” appeared in American Antiquity, volume 17, No. 4, April 1952. A third, “Suggestions for Facilitating Identification of Animal Bone from Archeological Sites,” was printed in the Plains Archeological Conference News Letter, volume 5, No. 1, May 1952. In May Dr. White left Washing- _ton to continue his field investigations in the Missouri Basin.
64 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
After his return to active duty Mr. Solecki spent the time until June 30 working on manuscripts and reports. He also made prepara- tions for an aerial survey of certain reservoir areas in the Missouri Basin and was to proceed to the latter area at the beginning of the new fiscal year.
California.—The only work in California during the fiscal year was at the Cachuma Reservoir on the Santa Ynez River in Santa Barbara County. From April 28 to June 30 Albert D. Mohr, field assistant, supervised excavations at two sites. At one of them a cemetery be- longing to what is called the Hunting Culture, the middle stage of a three-culture sequence, was dug, and in addition the remains of a house belonging to the same horizon were uncovered. ‘The latter are of par- ticular interest because only two such structures were known pre- viously and the one discovered this year has added considerable information with respect to construction methods. Opening of graves in the cemetery produced skeletal material useful in determining the physical characteristics of the people and also good data on burial customs. The other site, also mainly a burial ground, belongs to a later horizon probably attributable to the Chumash.
A report by Martin A. Baumhoff, field assistant the previous year, on the investigations at the Cachuma Reservoir in late fiscal 1951 was completed early in June 1952 and the manuscript is now available for publication. A summary report on the results of the excavations made at the Terminus Reservoir on the Kaweah River in Tulare County was completed by Franklin Fenenga, archeologist, during the autumn months and was published in American Antiquity, volume 17, No. 4, April 1952.
As indicated in the preliminary section of this report, the River Basin Surveys will have no further projects in California, as the operations there are to be under the direction and supervision of the Region Four office of the National Park Service.
Columbia Basin.—The field oflice at Eugene, Oreg., was closed from July 1 to September 10 because of lack of funds, and during that period there were no activities in the region. After the office was reopened and until the close of the fiscal year the operations for the Columbia Basin were, as in the previous year, under the supervision of Joel L. Shiner. Office and laboratory work during the fall and winter months was mainly concerned with the processing, study, and cataloging of materials from the surveys and excavations of the pre- vious year. Most of the materials and data were from a habitation site in the McNary Reservoir area which had been buried beneath a thick mantle of volcanic ash which is estimated to be several thousand years old. A summary report on the results of that excavation was finished, mimeographed, and distributed to the operating agencies. Study of the materials from another site in the McNary area, a village
SECRETARY’S REPORT 65
of late prehistoric and early historic times, was also completed and a summary report finished. The latter was mimeographed and dis- tributed in June.
Late in October Mr. Shiner made a brief investigation at the site of The Dalles Dam on the Columbia River and in March made an exhaustive survey of the area to be flooded. A brief preliminary re- port was issued after the first visit, while a second and more detailed one was written and mimeographed following the investigations in March. The survey showed that there were 10 sites and that 3 were worthy of further investigation. One of them is a very large mound with stratified deposits some 15 feet in depth. It offers one of the best opportunities along the Columbia River for obtaining evidence on the sequence of cultural development. This mound, the Wakemap, is in danger from two sources, flooding and looting by private collectors. The situation with respect to unauthorized digging was so critical that plans were being made to start excavations there shortly after the be- ginning of the new fiscal year. Two other sites in the area were tested later in the spring and one of them proved to be much deeper and richer in artifacts than had been anticipated. One test pit, 5 feet square, yielded large numbers of flaked-stone tools and “fetish” stones and reached a depth of 13 feet. More extended excavations at that location are indicated.
From April 7 to 19 Mr. Shiner carried on test excavations at three sites in the McNary area. One of them consisted of an occupation level underlying the same layer of volcanic ash as that covering the site worked the previous year. The findings corroborated those of the previous year and in addition the digging produced several new artifact types. At another it appeared that the Indians who had occupied it moved in shortly after the fall of the ash. The interval represented by the ash layer will help to explain certain differences in the artifacts and provides a good basis for establishing relative dating in the district. Excavations at the third site proved fruitless. The latter part of April Mr. Shiner moved his field party to the Albeni Falls Reservoir project on the Pend Oreille River in Idaho for the purpose of testing a number of sites in that basin. The occupational debris at the various locations was found to be so shallow, however, that extensive digging was not warranted. Consequently the party spent several days making surface collections. A good series of specimens was obtained which will be useful in extending the known distribution of types. The data collected indicate that the area never had a permanent population. It apparently was a place where various groups of Indians spent their summers hunting, fishing, and gathering food.
_ After returning to the office Mr. Shiner devoted most of his time to processing the artifacts collected in the field. Over 1,500 were
66 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
cleaned and cataloged. A report on the investigations at Albeni Falls was completed and one on the test digging at The Dalles was practically finished by the end of the year. A collection of specimens from a previous year’s digging in the McNary Reservoir was packed and shipped to Washington.
Four articles pertaining to the results of previous work in the Columbia Basin were published in American Antiquity, volume 17, No. 4, April 1952. They were: “The 1950 Excavations at Site 45BN6 McNary Reservoir, Wash.,” by Joel L. Shiner; “Material Culture of an Upper Coulee Rock-shelter,” by John E. Mills and Carolyn Osborne; “Archeological Investigations in the Chief Joseph Reser- voir,” by Douglas Osborne, Robert Crabtree, and Alan Bryan; and “Archeological Investigations in O’Sullivan Reservoir, Grant County, Wash.,” by Richard D. Daugherty.
Mr. Shiner’s affiliation with the River Basin Surveys terminated on June 30 by transfer to the National Park Service. The River Basin Surveys office at Eugene was to be kept open, however, by the National Park Service, and Mr. Shiner was to be permitted to complete his reports on the work he did for the Smithsonian Institution. The River Basin Surveys will have no further operations in that area.
Georgia.—As in the case of the Columbia Basin, field work in the Georgia area was handicapped by the delay in obtaining funds and the limited amount of money available for the project. During the period from August 18 until the end of October an emergency co- operative excavation project, as described in an earlier section of this report, was carried on at the Lake Springs site on the Savannah River just above the Clark Hill Dam. A large sample of archaic material representing a prepottery horizon called the Savannah River Focus of the Stalling’s Island Culture was obtained there together with a small series of contemporary crania showing a population of both round- and long-headed individuals. The most important dis- covery at the site, however, was a new early culture deep below the archaic levels. This new manifestation, which has been designated the Old Quartz Culture, showed an artifact assemblage similar to those which had been found at a large number of open stations in Piedmont Georgia and South Carolina. They have been regarded as probably early but could not be so proven until the discovery of the stratigraphy at Lake Springs. Unfortunately, the rising waters of the Clark Hill Reservoir flooded the excavation pits before as much work had been done as was desired, but the results obtained are a definite contribution to the archeology of the region.
In late January and February test excavations were carried on in the remains of Fort Charlotte at the upper end of the Clark Hill Reservoir in South Carolina. Although located in the latter State
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the investigations were considered as part of the over-all Georgia project. The outline of the fort was traced and a few minor arti- facts were recovered. The fort had been a masonry structure erected in 1765 as a defense against the Creek and Cherokee Indians who were prone to raid the Scotch-Irish, French Huguenot, and German settle- ments in the Long Canes region of upper Carolina. Its seizure by patriot forces in 1775 was the first overt act of revolution in the southern colonies. American possession of the fort throughout the struggle was of considerable importance in holding the loyalties of the inhabitants of upper Carolina during the troubled times that followed. The recent excavations there give information about the physical nature of the fort and its location which was not available in documentary records. Underlying the occupation level of the fort were Indian materials indicating that the location had also been a place where the aborigines held forth. Pottery fragments suggest that the Creeks were the tribe involved. There is no question but what the Indian material is some years, possibly a good many, older than the fort and that the site was deserted at the time it was chosen for the location of Fort Charlotte.
There will be no further work in Georgia under the direction and supervisions of the River Basin Surveys, unless there are further changes in present plans. As indicated earlier in this report Mr. Cald- well’s employment terminated on June 380 and he was transferred to the National Park Service. He will be permitted, however, to com- plete his technical reports on work done under the Smithsonian Insti- tution and the manuscripts will be turned over to the River Basin Surveys.
Missouri Basin—The Missouri Basin project as in previous years continued to operate from the field headquarters at Lincoln, Nebr. Paul L. Cooper served as director for the program in that area from July 1 until February 28 when, in accordance with his request to be relieved of administrative duties, Ralph D. Brown took charge. Certain changes were made in the organization at that time and Mr. Brown was designated as chief of the Missouri Basin project, the old title of field director being dropped. Mr. Cooper remained with the organization and was assigned to the position of consulting archeolo- gist. The trend toward more excavation and less reconnaissance or survey work, started the previous year, continued and increased in fiscal 1952. This is attributable to the fact that much has been ac- complished in the survey portion of the program and there is less need for that kind of activity than in previous years. Furthermore, the available funds were sufficient to provide for extensive excavations. During the course of the year the staff was able to devote a greater “proportion of its time to the study of data and specimens and in the preparation of technical reports.
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During the year archeological surveys were conducted in five new reservoir areas of which three were in Wyoming, one was in Montana, and one in Nebraska-South Dakota. Others where the preliminary reconnaissance had not been completed were revisited and a total of 115 new sites was recorded. In the 1951 field season archeological excavations were made in four reservoir areas by seven different units. By the end of June 1952 there again were seven archeological excava- tion parties working 1 in four reservoir areas, three of them the same as in the previous year. Digging at the Keyhole Reservoir in Wyo- ming was completed in 1951 and excavations in the Jamestown Reser- voir in North Dakota were started in 1952. The other three are Fort Randall and Oahe in South Dakota, and Garrision in North Dakota. During the year there were paleontological investigations in 12 reservoir areas. An archeological survey party was scheduled to start for the field in late June but because of an emergency was delayed and its departure rescheduled for the first week in July.
At the Fort Randall Reservoir in South Dakota the 1951 excava- tions were at an Indian site and at a historic trading-post site. The Indian site is of particular interest because it represents three occupa- tional periods. One was a fortified earth-lodge village, one an unfor- tified earth-lodge village, and the third an occupational area under- lying both of the others. In the fortified area 7 earth lodges, a smaller structure, 450 feet of stockade trench, 11 cache pits, and 22 refuse areas were exposed and excavated. In the unfortified earth-lodge area, one circular earth lodge, one cache pit, and four refuse pits were unearthed. In May 1952 excavations were resumed in the unfortified area and before the end of June had exposed 2 earth lodges, a refuse midden, and 19 exterior pits. The date of the fortified village was earlier and the occupational area beneath much older still. Comple- tion of the work at that location will provide an excellent. sequence of materials leading up to the development of fortified villages in that district.
The historic work in the Fort Randall Reservoir in 1951 was at the location of the Fort Lookout trading post. The occupational level of the post was established. Charred beams used in construction, sections of vertical posts still in place, and other architectural fea- tures were uncovered, along with numerous specimens of trade goods. Two Indian occupational levels antedating the establishment of the trading post and the nearby fort were found beneath the ruins of the post. They are of interest because they produced materials not previously known in that part of South Dakota. In May 1952 historic investigations were resumed, but they were at the site of the Whetstone agency which was established for the Brule and Ogallala bands of Sioux from the Fort Laramie region by a treaty drawn in April
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1868. By 1869 about 1,000 Indians were living there, and by 1870 the number had increased to about 2,250. One year later the Indians were moved to a new location but the agency buildings continued in use through the later 1870’s as a steamboat landing for supplies to be conveyed overland to Indian agencies in the interior. Little is known about the physical characteristics of the agency or of the Indian camp, and digging there should provide interesting data to augment the documentary records. By the end of June floor areas had been uncovered and cedar post butts in palisade trenches were exposed. Work at that site is scheduled to continue until it is completed, which probably will be at about the end of the current field season.
In the Oahe Reservoir area during the 1951 field season excavations were carried on at two Indian sites. One of them is located just below the dam in an area which will ultimately be destroyed by con- struction activities, while the other is several miles upstream on the west bank just below the point where the Cheyenne River empties into the Missouri. At the first location, known as the Phillips Ranch site, 5 earth lodges and 47 cache pits were uncovered, 2 trenches were dug across the fortification ditch which surrounded the village, and the refuse-bearing overburden was stripped from approximately one- eighth of the village area. During the previous year 5 lodges and 46 cache pits had been dug, so the total for the village was 10 houses and 96 cache pits. A large collection of specimens was obtained there, the most outstanding probably being a few small fragments of coiled basketry. The latter is extremely rare in archeological sites in the Plains area. The data obtained from the site provided the basis for establishing a previously unrecognized cultural complex for the dis- trict. It appears to date from the early part of the eighteenth cen- tury and almost certainly represents the protohistoric Arikara occupation of the area. Excavations at the Phillips Ranch site have been completed.
The other site, known as the Cheyenne River village, was only par- tially dug and will be completed at a later date. The work there consisted of the excavation and mapping of four house sites (a fifth was nearly finished when heavy storms flooded it so badly that it had to be abandoned) and the digging of cache pits. Cultural materials from house sites and cache pits were recovered in large quantities and preliminary studies indicate that they will provide much new information about the arts and industries of their makers.
The 1952 excavations in the Oahe Reservoir were started at new sites. One of them, which had been partly destroyed by construction activities, is on the east bank of the Missouri River opposite the Phillips Ranch site, while the other, which represents a large village, is located not far downstream from the Cheyenne River village.
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Work had not progressed sufficiently at either location by the end of the fiscal year to indicate what results might be expected.
At the Garrison Reservoir in North Dakota two excavating parties spent the 1951 field season digging in Indian and historic sites. At one Indian village location the remains of 8 circular houses, 4 sweat lodges, 48 cache pits, and numerous other miscellaneous features were uncovered. The artifact yield was good, including uncommon stea- tite fragments from bowls made from that material. The bowls probably reached the area by trade from the west. They may have come up the Columbia and down the Missouri as that was a main aboriginal trade route. During the 1950 field season at that location five houses were excavated and the palisade and moat were traced. The combined data for the two seasons give a satisfactory story of the village and its material culture. The village was reputedly occupied in the late eighteenth century by the Hidatsa Indians and is particularly interesting because it presumably was the most northerly of the forti- fied earth-lodge communities belonging to the period preceding the replacement of aboriginal material culture by trade goods obtained from the white man. The other site investigated had also been a fortified village. Five houses and parts of a sixth were excavated there, and a ceremonial structure 72 feet in diameter, a large village gateway, and several other features were found. Cross sections were taken of the surrounding defensive ditch. This site, believed to have been occupied chiefly by the Arikara Indians, produced relatively few artifacts but it throws valuable light on the architecture and community plan of the period. In June 1952 an excavating party proceeded to the Night Walker’s Butte to begin digging the remains of one of the few known Indian villages located on top of a butte.
The historic-sites party spent the period from July 1 to October 7, 1951, in the excavation of Fort Stevenson, a mile above the Garrison Reservoir dam site. The foundations of five of the more important military buildings and of several minor ones were traced and a con- siderable quantity of materials was obtained. Fort Stevenson was a typical Missouri River frontier post and was built to keep the river open for navigation and to protect the Fort Berthold Indians from the Sioux. In addition the post served as one of the main points on the overland mail route which ran from St. Paul to Montana. Although the fort was started in 1867 and was completed late in 1868 and there are considerable documentary data about it, useful new information pertinent to the actual character of the post and certain Indian rela- tionships was obtained during the course of the work. Before stop- ping for the season the Fort Stevenson party made tests in a trading- post site at the mouth of the White Earth River and obtained some trade goods. The historic-sites party returned to the Garrison area in June 1952 and began work at a site in the Fort Berthold district.
SECRETARY'S REPORT A
From July 1 to September 25, 1951, six key sites were excavated in the Keyhole Reservoir on the Belle Fourche River in Crook County, Wyo. The excavated sites include one large protohistoric camp with pottery remains, three prehistoric camp sites, and two stratified rock shelters. The lowest levels in both rock shelters are manifestations of a new early-man complex. The data indicate that the aboriginal occupation of the Keyhole area may have started about 5,000 years ago. Much more recent materials were found in the upper levels and in a few cases there were potsherds from vessels of the so-called Woodland types. The latter are significant because they extend considerably westward the known range of that kind of Indian pottery. The in- vestigations at the Keyhole Reservoir have been completed.
The Jamestown Reservoir on the river of the same name in North Dakota was listed for investigation for the first time since the start of the program. A survey party was supposed to make a reconnais- sance there in the fall of 1951 but because of bad weather was unable to do so. Asa consequence a combined survey and excavating party went there in May 1952. After 3 weeks’ preliminary examination of the area and 18 sites had been located, excavations were started in a mound 75 feet in diameter and 10 feet in height located on a bluff, and in some house remains on the bottom Jands. The mounds in that portion of North Dakota show considerable similarity to those in northern Minnesota and southern Manitoba and all probably belong to the same cultural complex. The actual people involved have not been identified as yet, and as little is known about the character of the remains the results of the investigations there should add mate- rially to knowledge about the Indians. The work there had not progressed sufficiently by June 30 to permit a statement about the findings.
During the 1951 field season the paleontological party visited and collected in five reservoir areas, two in Montana, one in North Dakota, and two in South Dakota. In exploring the Oligocene and Miocene deposits in the Canyon Ferry Reservoir basin in Montana the party added two genera of small mammals to the known fauna of the Oligo- cene and six genera of those of the Miocene. While the sediments of the Montana group of the the Upper Cretaceous were being studied near the dam for the Oahe Reservoir, S. Dak., the first nearly complete skeleton of one of the pygmy species of mosasaur, genus Clidastes, ever obtained was found. The 1952 field season’s work started with a preliminary reconnaissance of the Tuttle Creek and Lovewell Reser- voir basins in the Kansas River drainage, Kansas, and was followed by surveys of three reservoir areas in the Platte Drainage. They were the Narrows in Colorado, and the Ashton and Trenton in -Nebraska. Preliminary prospecting was also carried on at the Gavins 236639536
72 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
Point Reservoir on the Missouri River in Nebraska and South Dakota. The first of June found the party at the Keyhole Reservoir in Wyo- ming exploring Cretaceous sediments and the latest report is that most of the skeleton of a small plesiosaur was found in the New- castle member of the Granerose shale, the first record of vertebrate remains from that formation. On June 25 the party moved to the Canyon Ferry Reservoir in Montana and was just starting work there at the end of the fiscal year.
During the course of the year seven preliminary appraisal reports were completed, mimeographed, and distributed to the cooperating agencies; four were completed and are ready for mimeographing ; and two supplements to previous reports were finished and are await- ing mimeographing. Four short articles on specific subjects in Plains archeology were prepared by members of the staff and published in the Plains Archeological Conference News Letter. Two articles were published in American Antiquity and one report appeared in the Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum. One technical report on excavations in the Oahe area was completed and the first drafts of those on two others have been finished.
The laboratory at Lincoln processed 87,935 specimens from 170 sites in 18 reservoir areas and 2 sites not in reservoir areas. ‘The work in the laboratory also included: reflex copies of record sheets, 91,444; contact prints made, 8,826; negatives, 2,036; enlargements, 1,326; specimens drawn for illustrations, 872; color transparencies cataloged, 321; drawings, tracings, maps made, 112.
Robert B. Cumming, Jr., archeologist, was in charge of the survey and excavation of aboriginal archeological sites at the Fort Randall Reservoir in South Dakota from July 1 to November 6 and from May 19 to the end of the fiscal year. During the winter months at the Lincoln headquarters Mr. Cumming worked on the technical re- port on the Oldham site, the scene of most of his activities during the 1951 summer field season.
Paul L. Cooper, archeologist, served as field director for the Mis- souri Basin activities during the period from July 1 to February 28. On the latter date he became consulting archeologist for the project. During the spring months Mr. Cooper devoted considerable time to discussing the project with Mr. Brown, the new chief, and in con- sultation with other members of the staff on archeological procedures in the laboratory. He completed a report of progress for the period from the beginning of the project in 1946 through April 1952 for the Interior Missouri Basin Field Committee. He also worked on a more detailed report covering the calendar years 1950 and 1951. He met with the Interior Missouri Basin Field Committee at its April session where he evaluated the progress made to that date by the
SECRETARY’S REPORT 73
River Basin Surveys of the Smithsonian Institution and took part in a discussion of the future needs of the salvage program. Mr. Cooper served as the chairman of the Ninth Conference for Plains Arche- ology, which met at Lincoln in April. On June 6 he left Lincoln for the Oahe Reservoir in South Dakota and at the end of the fiscal year was directing a party excavating aboriginal sites along the Mis- souri below the mouth of the Cheyenne River.
Franklin Fenenga, archeologist, was in charge of a reconnaissance party from the beginning of the fiscal year until September when he returned to the Lincoln office. During the field season his party visited 15 proposed reservoir areas. Probably the most interesting part of the season was that devoted to a boat trip down the Bighorn River Canyon in Wyoming-Montana to examine the area of the pro- posed Yellowtail Reservoir. On June 8 he went to the Oahe Reservoir and started a series of excavations near the dam site a few miles above ‘ Pierre, S. Dak. Those activities were well under way by June 30. During the months spent at the headquarters in Lincoln Mr. Fenenga prepared preliminary appraisal reports for seven reservoir projects. He presented two papers before the Ninth Conference for Plains Archeology, and served as editor of the News Letter for that contfer- ence. He was reelected to that office for the year 1952-53. He also read a paper before the 62d annual meeting of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences. During the 1952 meeting of the Academy he served as acting chairman of the anthropological section and was elected its chairman for 1953. Mr. Fenenga had two papers published during the year: “The Archeology of Slick Rock Village, Tulare County, California,” American Antiquity, volume 17, No. 4, April 1922, and “The Wabino, a One-time Rival of the Midewiwin,” Proceedings of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences, 62d Annual Meeting, 1952.
Donald D. Hartle, archeologist, was in charge of an excavating party at the Rock Village site in the Garrison Reservoir area of North Dakota from July 1 to August 20. From August 20 to October 27 he directed the excavations at the Star site in the same reservoir basin. The latter part of October, in collaboration with James H. Howard of the North Dakota State Historical Society, he recorded 12 Indian songs, including several of those known as “Custer” songs. Two Arikara Indians, Jonie Fox and Davis Paint, did the singing for Hartle and Howard. From November 1 to June 1, Hartle spent his time at the Lincoln headquarters studying his materials from the Rock Village and preparing a technical report on the results of his investi- gations. Further work was contemplated at Rock Village and the manuscript could not be finished until that was done. Hartle left Lincoln on June 2 with a party to continue his studies at Rock Village _ and by the end of the month had completed the additional excavations.
74 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
Mr. Hartle presented a paper on the investigations at Rock Village before the Ninth Conference for Plains Archeology at Lincoln in April.
Donald J. Lehmer, archeologist, conducted excavations from July 1 to September 10 at the Phillips Ranch site in the Oahe Reservoir near Pierre, S. Dak. Returning to Lincoln from South Dakota Mr. Lehmer devoted the period to December 31, when his appointment with the River Basin Surveys terminated, to completing a technical report on the results of two seasons’ work in the Oahe area. This report, consisting of 250 manuscript pages, presents in detail the infor- mation obtained from the Dodd and Phillips Ranch sites. Publica- tion of the report is planned for the next fiscal year. In addition Mr. Lehmer completed two shorter articles which were published in American Antiquity for April 1952. One was “The Fort Pierre Branch, Central South Dakota.” The other was on an Oklahoma project and is referred to in a later section of this report.
George Metcalf, field and laboratory assistant, worked with the Hartle party in the Garrison Reservoir during July and August. In addition to taking an active part in the excavations he made a series of surveys in the area and located a number of new sites. In Septem- ber he joined the Smith party in the investigations at Fort Stevenson and in October participated in a reconnaissance of the region adjacent to Fort Stevenson. During the winter months he checked the survey records and prepared a supplemental report on the archeological resources of the Garrison Reservoir. He assisted in the analysis of artifacts from the Rock Village and collaborated in the preparation of the section of a technical report dealing with trade materials and pottery. In May Mr. Metcalf made a survey of the Big Sandy Reser- voir in the Eden Valley, western Wyoming. In June, during an emergency, he took charge of one of the parties in the Oahe area for a 9-week period. On June 30 he was en route to join the party under G. H. Smith in the Garrison Reservoir, N. Dak.
Carl F. Miller, archeologist, transferred to the Missouri Basin for the season, spent the latter part of July, August, and until September 13 digging in a historic site in the Fort Randall Reservoir near Cham- berlain, S. Dak. When the excavations were completed Mr. Miller proceeded to Lincoln where he spent two weeks completing field records and other data. From Lincoln he returned to his base at the Washing- ton office where he finished his report on the summer’s activities.
John E. Mills joined the staff of the Missouri Basin project as an archeologist on April 10, 1952. During April and May he ex- amined and studied all the records and artifacts pertaining to historic- site research in the Fort Randall Reservoir area and in May made a brief survey trip through the reservoir basin with National Park Service representatives of Region Two to determine what historic
SECRETARY’S REPORT 75
sites merited excavation. In early June he started excavations at the site of the Whetstone Agency and was continuing operations there at the end of the fiscal year.
James M. Shippee, field and laboratory assistant, spent the early part of July with the Wheeler party at the Keyhole Reservoir in Wyoming. The last 2 weeks of the month he joined the Fenenga party for the boat trip through the Bighorn Canyon. He returned to the Keyhole area in August and remained with the Wheeler party until it returned to Lincoln in September. During the fall and win- ter months he was occupied with various duties at the field head- quarters. In March he spoke before the Great Bend chapter of the Missouri Archeological Society and in May read a paper at the annual meeting of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences on salvage work at an archeological site destroyed by flood prevention work near Kansas City, Mo.
G. H. Smith, archeologist, spent the period from July 1 to October 1, 1951, excavating in the remains of Fort Stevenson. During that period five of the more important building sites were completely or largely excavated and there was some digging in a few lesser ones. In October Mr. Smith, accompanied by George Metcalf, made a recon- naissance in a previously unsurveyed part of the Garrison Reservoir. Some test excavations were made at that time at the supposed site of the fur-trading post of James Kipp. From October 28 to June 2, Mr. Smith was at the Lincoln headquarters where he prepared a report on the results of the Fort Stevenson investigations. The first draft was completed and referred to the Chief for review. In May Mr. Smith accompanied a party of National Park Service historians on a, visit to historic sites in the Gavins Point, Fort Randall, Oahe, and Garri- son Reservoirs. In June he returned to the Garrison Reservoir and started excavations at the supposed site of the original Fort Berthold, and at Fort Atkinson, its successor, which is also known as Fort Ber- thold II. By June 30 a section of the site of the latter had been opened and considerable information was being obtained concerning the post and Indian trade in general.
Dr. Waldo R. Wedel, curator of the division of archeology, U. S. National Museum, was detailed to the River Basin Surveys for the field season of 1951. He directed excavations at the Cheyenne River village site in the Oahe Reservoir area from June 21 to September 14. During the winter months at his regular station in Washington Dr. Wedel worked on the materials and data from the site. As there is considerable more digging to be done there, however, it will not be possible to write the detailed technical report until that has been accomplished. |
Richard Page Wheeler, archeologist, spent the period from the start of the fiscal year through September 25 excavating at sites in the Key-
76 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
hole Reservoir area in Crook County, Wyo. Returning to Lincoln, Wheeler spent the autumn and winter months analyzing field data and preparing a number of reports. He published a paper, “A Note on the ‘McKean Lanceolate Point’ ” in the Plains Archeological Con- ference News Letter, volume 4, No. 4, based on materials from sites in the Keyhole Reservoir area. He presented a report on the Keyhole investigations before the Ninth Conference for Plains Archeology in April. Before starting for the field in June he completed two manu- scripts: “Excavations and Survey in the Boysen Reservoir Area, Cen- tral Wyoming” and “Plains Ceramic Analysis: A check-list of Fea- tures and Descriptive Terms.” From the middle of June until the end of the year Mr. Wheeler was in charge of a survey and excavation party at the Jamestown Reservoir in North Dakota.
Dr. Theodore E. White, geologist, spent the period from July 1 to 8 exploring the Oligocene and Miocene deposits in the Canyon Ferry Reservoir area in Montana. From July 10 to 21 he was at the Tiber Reservoir in the same State studying the Colorado group of the Upper Cretaceous. From July 22 to August 13 he examined the ex- posures of the Paleocene Fort Union formation on the south side of the Missouri River in the Garrison Reservoir in North Dakota. The period from August 15 to September 8 was spent exploring the sedi- ments of the Montana group of the Upper Cretaceous near the dam in the Oahe Reservoir area. He then moved on to the Fort Randall Reservoir and spent September 8 to 16 in the area near the dam. That completed Dr. White’s field investigations for the 1951 season. His activities during the winter months have already been discussed in con- nection with the section on the Washington office. From May 15 to 21, 1952, he made a preliminary survey of the Tuttle Creek and Lovewell Reservoirs in the Kansas River drainage, the Narrows, Trenton and Ashton Reservoirs in the Platte drainage, and Gavins Point on the Missouri River. From June 2 to 25 Dr. White examined the Cre- taceous sediments in the Keyhole Reservoir and then moved on to the Canyon Ferry Reservoir for further explorations in that area.
Oklahoma.—No field work was done in Oklahoma during the last fiscal year. The technical report on the excavations of the previous year at the Tenkiller Ferry Reservoir on the Illinois River, 15 miles south of Tahlequah, was completed by Donald J. Lehmer. The report, “The Turkey Bluff Focus of the Fulton Aspect,” was published in American Antiquity, volume 17, No. 4, April 1952. No further work will be done in Oklahoma by the River Basin Surveys of the Smith- sonian Institution since it falls within one of the areas where the investigations will be under the direction and supervision of the National Park Service after July 1, 1952.
Texas.—The River Basin Surveys in Texas continued to operate from the headquarters at Austin. The office, which was closed tempo-
SECRETARY’S REPORT 704
rarily at the beginning of the fiscal year because of lack of funds, was reopened on September 10 and functioned until June 30, 1952. Edward B. Jelks, acting field director, was in charge during that period.
Field work in Texas consisted of surveys and excavations. Prelimi- nary surveys and appraisals were made at the Colorado City Reservoir on the Colorado River in Borden and Scurry Counties, at the Oak Creek Reservoir in the same drainage in Coke County, at the Paint Creek Reservoir on the Clear Fork of the Brazos River in Haskell County, and at the Cooper Reservoir on the South Sulphur River in Delta County. A total of 62 sites was found. In the Colorado City, Oak Creek, and Paint Creek areas none of them appeared to be of sufficient importance to warrant further investigations. At the Cooper Reservoir, however, are a number of small mounds and several village sites which give surface evidence of occupation by two cultural phases. Six of the sites have been recommended for excavation.
Excavations were carried on in three sites at the Belton Reservoir on the Leon River in Coryell County. Some work had been done there in a previous year, but the current digging added much new informa- tion. Artifacts from the Caddoan area to the east were found in asso- ciation with material from the Central Texas and Edwards Plateau cultural aspects. Analysis of the specimens makes it possible, by cross-dating, to place the Central ‘Texas aspect in its proper place in the relative chronology for Texas.
In April, May, and June an excavating party investigated three sites at the Texarkana Reservoir on the Sulphur River in Cass and Bowie Counties. Adequate data were obtained to reconstruct the cul- tural history of each. Twelve burials were found at one of the sites, nine at another, and five at the third. The skeletal material will pro- vide good information on the physical characteristics and possible relationships of the people. When all the data from the excavations have been studied and the report is completed a gap in the knowledge of that Texas-Arkansas area will be filled. The results should have an important bearing on the problem of Caddoan influences in the eastern Texas region.
Four survey reports were completed for mimeographing during the year. <A technical report, “Archeological Excavations at the Belton Reservoir, Coryell County, Texas,” by Edward B. Jelks and E. O. Miller, has been completed and will be published this fall in the Bulletin of the Texas Archeological and Paleontological Society. A general paper, “The River Basin Surveys Archeological Salvage Pro- gram in Texas,” was prepared by Edward B. Jelks for the Texas Journal of Science. One technical report, completed the previous year, “The Hogge Bridge Site and the Wylie Focus,” by Robert L. ‘Stephenson, was published in American Antiquity, volume 17, No. 4, April 1952.
78 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
The River Basin Surveys will do no further work in Texas since that is one of the projects being taken over by the National Park Service on July 1. Arrangements have been made, however, for the com- pletion of the reports on the investigations made under the direction and supervision of the River Basin Surveys and when the manuscripts are received they will be published in accordance with previous plans.
Virginia.—All the work in Virginia during the past year was con- cerned with the John H. Kerr Reservoir (formerly called Buggs Island) on the Roanoke River. During the period from May 19 to June 30, 1952, test excavations were made in seven sites. One had been partially dug the previous year but a stratigraphic test as a counter- check against the earlier results was deemed advisable. Data ob- tained during the current activities augment those from other seasons, filling in certain gaps and clarifying some obscure features. From all the information now available a complete sequence of cultural de- velopments from a relatively early prepottery stage to the late pre- Colonial period can be described. No further work will be possible at the John H. Kerr Reservoir as the gates of the dam will be closed in July and the various sites will soon be flooded.
Sections of the technical report pertaining to sites that were exca- vated in previous years have been completed. The writing of the report on the current investigations and the summary and conclusions should be completed before the end of the present calendar year.
Future work in Virginia depends upon the program of the Corps of Engineers. There are proposed projects for the James and Shenan- doah Valleys and when they are authorized investigations will be needed in both. Indications are that two small reservoirs in the upper James drainage may be started within the next year or two.
Cooperating institutions —Various State and local institutions co- operated with the River Basin Surveys as in previous years. The Uni- versity of Washington and State College of Washington cooperated in excavations in the Columbia Basin. Space for field offices and laboratories for units of the surveys was provided by the Universities of Nebraska, Oregon, Texas, and Georgia.
The program developed by the National Park Service whereby various scientific agencies carried on salvage operations on the basis of agreements between those agencies and the Service was continued throughout the year. In some cases the agreements were signed in the preceding year and in others the work provided for did not start until after the close of the fiscal year. However, during fiscal 1952 such agreements were in force with the University of California, Uni- versity of Washington, University of Oregon, State College of Wash- ington, Montana State University, University of Missouri, University of South Dakota, Nebraska State Historical Society, University of Kansas, University of Wyoming, State Historical Society of North
SECRETARY’S REPORT 79
Dakota, University of Nebraska State Museum, University of Ne- braska Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Uni- versity of Texas, the Museum of New Mexico, and the University of Mississippi. INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY (Report prepared by Grorce M. Fosrrr)
During the period under review one phase in the history of the In- stitute of Social Anthropology drew to a close, and a new one began. The Department of State informed the Smithsonian Institution on September 28, 1951, that it would terminate its support on December 31, 1951. Following the abolition of the Inter-Departmental Com- mittee on Scientific and Cultural Cooperation in 1949, under whose auspices the Institute of Social Anthropology was established and its work carried out, the Institute was placed under the Division of Inter- national Exchange of Persons. Since the Institute did not form an organic part of this program, the Department of State’s decision to terminate support was not entirely unforeseen. During the period July 1-December 31, 1951, operations were financed with a grant of $42,000 from Public Law 402.
For some time there had been a growing feeling on the part of the Institute personnel that the general factual knowledge it had accumu- lated since 1944 should be put to some practical use. Therefore, in the spring of 1951 anthropological analyses of health centers sponsored by the Institute of Inter-American Affairs and the Ministries of Health in México, Colombia, Perti, and Brazil were carried out. The results of this investigation were made available in mimeographed form in July in a paper entitled “A Cross-Cultural Anthropological Analysis of a Technical Aid Program,” which demonstrated to the satisfaction of the ITAA that the anthropological knowledge and tech- nical methods used by anthropologists would be useful in carrying out United States Government technical aid programs in Latin America. Accordingly, in a letter dated September 28, 1951, Dr. Henry G. Bennett, Administrator, Technical Cooperation Administra- tion, asked the Institute of Social Anthropology to integrate its activ- ities with those of the ITAA, effective January 1, 1952. In response to this request the ITAA made a grant of $45,705 to enable the ISA to continue its activities in all four countries, with the understanding that Smithsonian anthropologists would be available for program analyses of technical aid projects.
Individual activities of staff members are described in the separate country sections. The largest single enterprise consisted of participa- tion in a general survey of IIAA public-health programs in Latin America. During the spring of 1952 the IIAA decided to utilize
80 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1952
anthropologists on a permanent basis and requested that plans be made to incorporate ISA personnel directly into that organization. This, of course, signaled the termination of ISA activities as such. Accordingly, the Department of State was requested to notify the Ministers of Foreign Relations of the cooperating countries that the United States would make use of the escape clauses in its memorandum agreements, bringing to a close as of June 30 the agreements that have governed ISA operations during past years. Late in June 1952, the ITAA asked to extend its grant to the Smithsonian Institution for an additional 3 months, to give time for an orderly transfer of person- nel. An additional $15,725 was included in the amended grant, which was to terminate September 30, 1952.
Operations during the period July 1, 1951, to June 30, 1952, were as follows:
Washington.—Dr. George M. Foster continued as Director of the In- stitute. In September he concluded arrangements with the United States Public Health Service and the IIAA whereby certain Institute of Social Anthropology staff members, as indicated below, would be detailed for varying periods to participate in health-program analyses. He spent most of October in El Salvador as a member of the team that was initiating this work, and gathered data from a country little known anthropologically. During January and February 1952, he visited field personnel in Brazil, Peri, Colombia, and México and participated in the health survey in Chile. In May he went to Geneva, Switzerland, as an adviser on cultural problems to the American Delegation to the Fifth Assembly of the World Health Organization. In June he undertook the editorship of the full USPHS-IIAA report on the Latin-American health survey.
Early in October the Smithsonian Institution brought Dr. Julio Caro Baroja, director of the Museo del Pueblo Espafiol in Madrid, to Washington for a 3 months’ stay. During this period he and Dr. Foster were engaged in the preliminary steps of writing a major mono- graph on Spanish ethnography, designed to make available Hispanic background data to make more intelligible the modern cultures of Hispanic America. Dr. Caro’s passage was taken care of by the Smithsonian Institution; his stay in the United States was made possible by a grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthro- pological Research.
Miss Lois Northcott, administrative assistant to the Director since 1947, resigned to take a position with the Technical Cooperation Ad- ministration in Egypt, and her place was taken by Mrs. Virginia Clark, formerly with the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Brazil—Both Dr. Donald Pierson and Dr. Kalervo Oberg contin- ued their teaching activities at the Escola de Sociologia e Politica in Sio Paulo. Dr. Pierson, as in former years, served as dean of grad-
SECRETARY'S REPORT 81
uate work, as co-editor of the quarterly Sociologia, and as editor of the book series Biblioteca de Ciencias Sociais. In addition, he was occupied in developing long-range plans for an elaborate cultural research program in the Sao Francisco Valley. The sum of 500,000 eruzeiros was made available to the Escola by the Brazilian Govern- ment to carry out this work, and Dr. Pierson was asked to plan and direct the research. In the spring of 1952 he made several short trips to this area to organize field teams and initiate work. ‘The services of Dr. Oberg were requested by the ILAA for analyses of some of their health and health-education programs in Chonin, Minas Gerais, dur- ing the months of July and August 1951. After concluding formal teaching obligations in December he again returned to Chonin, re- maining until April 1952. His assignment in Sio Paulo being con- cluded, Dr. Oberg was brought to Washington in June, preparatory to reassignment to Rio de Janeiro by the ITAA. Dr. Pierson elected not to transfer to the ITAA, and on June 30, 1952, his connection with the ISA was severed.
Colombia.—Charles Erasmus continued his collaboration with the Colombian Government’s Instituto Etnolégico in Bogota. In August he initiated a community analysis of the mestizo village of Tota in the Province of Boyacé. In this work he was aided by Dr. Silva Celis, director of the anthropological museum in Sogamosa, and Sr. Silvio Yepes, member of the staff of the Instituto Etnolégico. In November he was detailed to the United States Public Health Service and sent to Ecuador where he remained until January 1952. In this capacity he participated with the health survey group which at that time was working in Ecuador. He was detailed to the ITAA in May 1952, and sent to Haiti for 6 weeks to participate, with a team of experts,